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Master's Dissertation
DOI
https://doi.org/10.11606/D.96.2022.tde-06102022-090037
Document
Author
Full name
Rafael de Castro Perez
E-mail
Institute/School/College
Knowledge Area
Date of Defense
Published
Ribeirão Preto, 2022
Supervisor
Committee
Ferreira, Alex Luiz (President)
Brito, Ricardo Dias de Oliveira
Ricca, Bernardo de Oliveira Guerra
Title in Portuguese
Composição e alocação de moedas das reservas internacionais: evidências do Brasil
Keywords in Portuguese
Alocação ótima
Banco Central do Brasil
Dívida externa
Faturamento das importações
Reservas internacionais
Abstract in Portuguese
Pesquisas sobre as reservas cambiais brasileiras historicamente focaram no seu volume ótimo, mas pouco se produziu acerca da alocação de moedas dessas reservas. A literatura sobre o tema parece convergir para alguns aspectos fundamentais que ajudariam a compreender o arranjo de moedas das reservas internacionais, quais sejam, fatores comerciais, financeiros e cambiais. Em relação ao aspecto comercial, uma literatura recente, conhecida como Paradigma da Moeda Dominante, trouxe fortes evidências sobre o papel do faturamento das importações para explicar a composição das reservas. Assim, buscou-se compreender se estes determinantes são significativos para explicar a composição de moedas das reservas cambiais brasileiras durante o período 2002-2020, quando houve forte acúmulo. Os resultados trazem evidências de que a inércia das próprias reservas, o faturamento das importações, a dívida externa e a volatilidade das taxas de câmbio são significativos para explicar a composição da carteira de moedas mantidos pelo Banco Central do Brasil. Em seguida, utilizou-se um modelo de escolha de portfólio média-variância proposto por Ferreira et al. (2019) para testar a alocação ótima de moedas com base numa carteira benchmark com pesos relacionados às obrigações comerciais e financeiras (faturamento e dívida externa) que proporcionasse retornos que compensassem os custos de manutenção da reservas brasileiras.
Title in English
Currency composition and allocation of international reserves: evidence from Brazil
Keywords in English
Brazil's Central Bank
Brazilian foreign exchange reserves
Currency optimal allocation
External debt
Import invoicing
Abstract in English
Research on Brazilian foreign exchange reserves has historically focused on their optimal volume, but little has been produced about the currency composition of these reserves. The literature on this subject seems to converge on some fundamental aspects that would help to understand the arrangement of currencies of international reserves, that is, commercial, financial and exchange aspects. Regarding the commercial aspect, a recent literature, known as the Dominant Currency Price (DCP), brought strong evidence on the role of import revenues to explain the composition of reserves. Thus, we sought to understand whether these determinants are significant to explain the composition of Brazilian foreign exchange reserves during the period 2002-2020, when there was a strong accumulation. The results provide evidence that the revenue from imports, the external debt and the volatility of exchange rates are significant to explain the composition of the currency portfolio held by the Central Bank of Brazil. Then, a mean-variance portfolio choice model proposed by Ferreira et al. (2019) was used to test the optimal allocation of currencies based on a benchmark portfolio with weights related to commercial and financial obligations (invoicing and debt foreign exchange) that would provide returns that offset the costs of maintaining Brazilian reserves.
 
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Publishing Date
2022-10-07
 
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