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Master's Dissertation
DOI
https://doi.org/10.11606/D.85.2020.tde-28032024-074448
Document
Author
Full name
Vanessa do Nascimento Linhares
E-mail
Institute/School/College
Knowledge Area
Date of Defense
Published
São Paulo, 2020
Supervisor
Committee
Marumo, Júlio Takehiro (President)
Bevilaqua, Denise
Ferreira, Rafael Vicente de Padua
Title in Portuguese
Remoção de rádio de borra de petróleo
Keywords in Portuguese
borra de petróleo
NORM
radionuclídeos
rejeitos radioativos
tratamento
Abstract in Portuguese
A indústria do petróleo é responsável pela geração de um volume muito grande de rejeitos denominados NORM (Materiais Radioativos de Ocorrência Natural), constituído principalmente de borras e incrustações. Os principais radionuclídeos presentes são Rádio-224, Rádio-226 e Rádio-228. Ao contrário do que acontece em alguns países, a reinjeção desses rejeitos nos poços de petróleo é proibida no Brasil, sendo, portanto, armazenados em depósitos e pátios das unidades de exploração e produção de petróleo à espera da definição de requisitos regulatórios. Tecnologias baseadas em surfactantes têm sido estudadas para o tratamento de resíduos radioativos contendo isótopos de rádio. No entanto, o uso de processos combinados para remoção de rádio de borra de petróleo radioativa é escasso na literatura. O objetivo deste trabalho é investigar um método que descontamine a borra de petróleo, de modo a transformá-la em um rejeito com concentração de radionuclídeos abaixo do limite de descarte estabelecido pela Comissão Nacional de Energia Nuclear. Com isso, foram empregadas amostras de borra pré-tratada irradiada por micro-ondas, borra in natura e água (quente e em temperatura ambiente) em ensaios de descontaminação com tensoativo não iônico, investigando-se os efeitos de concentração de surfactante, temperatura e tempo de contato. A caracterização foi feita pelos seguintes métodos: Análise Termogravimétrica, Difração de Raios X, Microscopia Eletrônica de Varredura acoplada à Espectroscopia de Raios X por Dispersão de Energia e Espectrometria Gama. Os resultados indicaram que o surfactante atuou de forma mais eficiente na descontaminação da borra pré-tratada irradiada por micro-ondas. A menor concentração de surfactante (2,5%) foi a mais eficiente, removendo cerca de 94% de Rádio-226 e Rádio-228. Nem o tempo de contato nem a temperatura afetaram a remoção. A água não foi capaz de remover o rádio e as variações nos parâmetros de processo selecionados teve pouca ou nenhuma influência no processo de descontaminação da borra in natura.
Title in English
Removal of petroleum sludge radio
Keywords in English
NORM
oil sludge
radioactive waste
radionuclides
treatment
Abstract in English
The oil industry is responsible for generating an enormous volume of waste called NORM (Naturally Occurring Radioactive Materials), consisting mainly of sludge and crust. The main radionuclides present are Radium-224, Radium-226 and Radium-228. Contrary to what happens in some countries, the reinjection of these wastes in oil wells is prohibited in Brazil; therefore, they are kept in storehouses at oil exploration and production units, awaiting the definition of regulatory requirements. Surfactant-based technologies for the treatment of radioactive residues containing radium isotopes have been researched. However, the use of combined processes for the removal of radium from radioactive petroleum sludge is scarce in the literature. Thus, the objective of this work was to investigate a method that decontaminates oil sludge, in order to transform it into a waste material with a concentration of radionuclides below the clearance level established by the Brazilian Nuclear Energy Commission. Samples of sludge, both pre-treated with microwaves and in natura, were used in decontamination trials with non-ionic surfactant, under different concentrations, temperatures, and contact time. Water was also tested. Characterization was made using the following methods: thermogravimetric analysis, X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy coupled with X-ray spectroscopy through energy dispersion and gamma spectroscopy. The results showed that water is not able to remove the radium and that the concentration, contact time and temperature had little or no influence on the decontamination process. In addition, result demonstrated that the surfactant acted as a more efficient agent in the decontamination of sludge which had been previously treated with microwave irradiation. The lowest concentration of surfactant (2.5%) was the most efficient, removing approximately 94% of Radium-226 and Radium-228.
 
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Publishing Date
2024-04-02
 
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