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Doctoral Thesis
DOI
https://doi.org/10.11606/T.8.2023.tde-15082023-121244
Document
Author
Full name
Aline Lopes Murillo
E-mail
Institute/School/College
Knowledge Area
Date of Defense
Published
São Paulo, 2023
Supervisor
Committee
Peixoto, Fernanda Arêas (President)
Gentili, Agostina
Gesteira, María Soledad
Marques, Ana Claudia Duarte Rocha
Sarti, Cynthia Andersen
Vianna, Anna Catarina Morawska
Villalta, Carla Daniela
Title in Portuguese
Pessoas memoriais: práticas de parentesco e política na Argentina
Keywords in Portuguese
Antropologia
Ditadura militar argentina
Memória
Parentesco
Política
Abstract in Portuguese
Esta tese examina práticas de pessoas que souberam, na idade adulta, serem filhas de militantes desaparecidos e de terem sido sequestradas por motivos políticos durante a Ditadura argentina (1976-1983) quando eram bebês. Essas pessoas foram criadas por militares, por aliados da Ditadura ou por casais que não estavam envolvidos com a repressão política; seus nomes, sobrenomes, filiação, datas e locais de nascimento foram adulterados nas certidões de nascimento, prática que ficou conhecida como plan sistemático de apropiación de menores. Se para eliminar a oposição política, a Ditadura obliterou identidades pessoais, anulou vínculos de parentesco e silenciou discursos contrários, a resistência surge como seu espelho: são o sangue, o nome e os relatos os principais meios para trazer à tona o passado ocultado à vida presente. Ao conhecerem as suas origens por meio do trabalho da associação civil Abuelas de Plaza de Mayo, os chamados nietos e nietas restituidos se perceberam como parte de um mundo devastado pela repressão estatal da década de 1970. Esta tese analisa um corpus variado (entrevistas, biografias, documentários, jornais, revistas e programas de televisão); colocando esses materiais em relação, objetiva-se entender modos como o conhecimento da origem biológica, nome e lembranças são acionados e participam das artes de (re)constituir identidades pessoais, (re)criar parentesco e (re)alimentar memórias. Como pessoas que elaboram e difundem histórias pessoais, familiares e do país, nietos e nietas mobilizam uma pluralidade de ideias sobre o regime militar. Além disso, e tão somente porque sofreram a apropiación de menores, situam em si e convidam (até requerem) a produção de memórias e ideias, constituindo-se, assim - tal como sustento nesta tese - como "pessoas memoriais".
Title in English
Memorial people: kinship and politics practices in Argentina
Keywords in English
Anthropology
Argentine military dictatorship
Kinship
Memory
Policy
Abstract in English
This thesis examines practices of people who knew, in adulthood, that they were children of victims of enforced disappearance and that they were kidnapped for political reasons during the Argentine Dictatorship (1976-1983) when they were babies. These people were given to be raised by the military, allies of the Dictatorship or by couples who were not involved in political repression; their names, surnames, parentage, dates and places of birth have been adulterated on their birth certificates, a practice that became known as the plan sistemático de apropiación de menores. In order to eliminate political opposition, the Dictatorship obliterated personal identities, annulled kinship ties, and silenced opposing discourses. The resistance came as a mirror: blood, name and speeches are the main means to bring the hidden past back to the present life. The so-called nietos and restituted nietas knew their origins through the work of the civil association Abuelas de Plaza de Mayo, perceiving themselves as part of a world devastated by the state repression in the 1970s. This thesis focuses on a varied corpus (interviews, biographies, documentaries, newspapers, magazines and television programs); putting these materials in relation, the objective is to understand the ways in which the knowledge of biological origin, name and memories are triggered and participate in the arts of (re)constituting personal identities, (re)creating kinship and (re)nurturing memories. As people who elaborate and disseminate personal, family and country histories, nietos and nietas set in motion a plurality of ideas about the military regime. In addition, and especially because they have suffered the apropiación de menores, they situate in themselves and invite (even require) the production of memories about the Dictatorship, thus constituting themselves - as I endorse in this thesis - as "memorial persons".
 
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Publishing Date
2023-08-15
 
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