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Master's Dissertation
DOI
https://doi.org/10.11606/D.64.2022.tde-26092022-145948
Document
Author
Full name
Nicoli Gomes de Moraes
E-mail
Institute/School/College
Knowledge Area
Date of Defense
Published
Piracicaba, 2022
Supervisor
Committee
Tornisielo, Valdemar Luiz (President)
Medeiros, Maria Aparecida Carvalho de
Nogueira, Marcos Gomes
Title in Portuguese
Análise de microplásticos no Rio Tietê SP: Identificação, caracterização e quantificação de poluentes orgânicos adsorvidos
Keywords in Portuguese
Bifenilas policloradas
Contaminação ambiental
FTIR
GC-MS
Microplásticos na água doce
Abstract in Portuguese
Microplástico (MP) é uma classe de compostos que contempla diferentes materiais sintéticos poliméricos na faixa de tamanho entre 5mm e 1m. Esses materiais já foram encontrados em todas as matrizes ambientais e possuem grande potencial poluidor. Além de apresentar riscos físicos, químicos e biológicos para organismos na base da cadeia alimentar, comprometem a qualidade das águas. No Brasil, a ocorrência, distribuição, caracterização e os impactos dessa nova classe de poluentes ainda é pouco estudada, sobretudo em água doce. O principal objetivo desse estudo foi investigar a ocorrência de MPs em quatro pontos no rio Tietê-SP e avaliar a presença e a concentração de bifenilas policloradas (PCBs) sorvidas à essas partículas e a macroplásticos. Os pontos amostrais no Rio Tietê compreendem: Biritiba-Mirim (P1), Santana do Parnaíba (P2), Tietê (P3) e o reservatório de Barra Bonita localizado em Anhembi, SP (P4). Para a determinação da ocorrência de MPs, cerca de 200 litros de água superficial foram coletados com balde de alumínio e despejados em esquema de peneiras granulométricas de 0,106 e 5,6 mm. Os MPs foram quantificados e classificados por cor, tamanho e morfologia. A identidade química dos polímeros foi determinada pela técnica de espectroscopia vibracional no infravermelho médio com transformada de Fourier (FTIR). As concentrações de MPs variaram de 6,67 a 1530 partículas m-3, sendo mais elevadas no P2 e P3. Para a análise de PCBs sorvidos, os MPs foram coletados por meio de redes de plânctons fixadas em cada ponto de amostragem, durante 30 minutos ou até a colmatação. Os macroplásticos foram coletados de maneira semelhante no P2 e P3, porém, no P1 e P4, eles foram coletados nas margens do rio. Todos os extratos foram analisados por cromatografia gasosa acoplada a espectrometria de massas (GC-MS). Os parâmetros utilizados para validação se mostraram adequados para o objetivo proposto, sendo eles a linearidade, sensibilidade, precisão, exatidão, robustez e os limites de detecção e quantificação. As concentrações totais de PCBs em MPs e em macroplásticos variaram entre 20,53 a 133,12 ng g-1 e entre de 24,98 a 40,99 ng g-1, respectivamente. Espera-se que os resultados encontrados contribuam para elucidar a relação entre MPs e poluentes orgânicos em água doce e que forneçam informações relevantes sobre o atual cenário dos MPs no Rio Tietê e dos possíveis riscos químicos associados ao transporte de PCBs por meio dessas partículas
Title in English
Analysis of microplastics in the Tietê River SP: Identification, characterization and quantification of adsorbed organic pollutants
Keywords in English
Environmental contamination
FTIR
GC-MS
Microplastics in fresh water
Polychlorinated biphenyls
Abstract in English
Microplastic (MP) is a class of compounds that includes different polymeric synthetic materials in the size range between 5mm and 1m. These materials have already been found in all environmental matrices and have great polluting potential. In addition to presenting physical, chemical and biological risks to organisms at the base of the food chain, they compromise water quality. In Brazil, the occurrence, distribution, characterization and impacts of this new class of pollutants is still poorly studied, especially in freshwater. The main objective of this study was to investigate the occurrence of MPs at four points in the Tietê-SP river and to evaluate the presence and concentration of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) sorbed to these particles and to macroplastics. The sampling points in the Tietê River include: Biritiba-Mirim (P1), Santana do Parnaíba (P2), Tietê (P3) and the Barra Bonita reservoir located in Anhembi, SP (P4). To determine the occurrence of MPs, about 200 liters of surface water were collected with an aluminum bucket and poured into a 0.106 and 5.6 mm granulometric sieves scheme. MPs were quantified and classified by color, size and morphology. The chemical identity of the polymers was determined by vibrational mid-infrared spectroscopy with Fourier transform (FTIR). MPs concentrations ranged from 6.67 to 1530 particles m-3, being higher in P2 and P3. For the analysis of sorbed PCBs, the MPs were collected through nets of plankton fixed at each sampling point, for 30 minutes or until clog. Macroplastics were collected in a similar way in P2 and P3, however, in P1 and P4, they were collected from the river banks. All extracts were analyzed by gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry. The parameters used for validation proved to be adequate for the proposed objective, being them linearity, sensitivity, precision, accuracy, robustness and limits of detection and quantification. The total concentrations of PCBs in MPs and macroplastics ranged from 20.53 to 133.12 ng g-1 and from 24.98 to 40.99 ng g-1, respectively. We expect that the results found can elucidate the relationship between MPs and organic pollutants in freshwater and provide relevant information about the current scenario of MPs in the Tietê River and the possible chemical risks associated with the transport of PCBs through these particles
 
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Publishing Date
2022-10-24
 
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