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Master's Dissertation
DOI
https://doi.org/10.11606/D.55.2022.tde-18102022-150811
Document
Author
Full name
Ivan Tagliaferro de Oliveira Tezôto
Institute/School/College
Knowledge Area
Date of Defense
Published
São Carlos, 2022
Supervisor
Committee
Grulha Junior, Nivaldo de Góes (President)
Manfio, Fernando
Melo, Thiago de
Zach, Matthias Pablo
Title in English
Chern classes via differential forms
Keywords in English
Characteristic classes
Cohomology
Differential forms
Differential manifolds
Vector bundles
Abstract in English
The objective of this dissertation is to present, through differential topology, some of the mathematical foundations to construct the Chern classes on complex vector bundles π: E → M, where M is a differentiable manifold. In this work we cover some preliminary topics of multilinear algebra, general topology, homological algebra and category theory in order to present the necessary background to develop the concepts here present. Next, we discuss the theory of differentiable manifolds needed, such as basic definitions, tangent space, differentiability, orientation and boundary. From the notion of manifolds, we introduce differential forms and their main properties, which allows us to work with integration on differentiable manifolds in a simplified way due to the algebraic properties that the graded space Ω*(M) possesses. Using the theory of differential forms we construct a cohomology theory, called de Rhams Cohomology, which is defined from the vector spaces of differential forms. The cohomology groups are essential in this work, because from them we have the basis to present several of the important results in the thesis such as the Poincaré duality, the Künneth formula and the Leray-Hirsch theorem. Also, they are important for the definition of Euler classes on real vector bundles of rank 2 and, consequently, the definition of the first Chern class on complex line bundles. We then give an overview of the general construction of Chern classes and give some of its properties. Finally, it is important to emphasize the importance of the topological concept of vector bundles in the work, both real and complex, in view of its relevance to define the desired classes.
Title in Portuguese
Classes de Chern via formas diferenciais
Keywords in Portuguese
Classes características
Cohomologia
Fibrados vetoriais
Formas diferenciais
Variedades diferenciáveis
Abstract in Portuguese
O objetivo dessa dissertação é apresentar algumas das bases matemáticas necessárias para a construção das classes de Chern em fibrados vetoriais complexos π : E → M, com M uma variedade diferenciável, a partir da topologia diferencial. No trabalho abordamos alguns tópicos preliminares de álgebra multilinear, topologia geral, álgebra comutativa e teoria de categorias com o fim de apresentar as bases necessárias para desenvolver os conceitos presentes aqui. Em seguida, fazemos uma discussão sobre a teoria de variedades diferenciáveis necessária, como definições básicas, espaço tangente, diferenciabilidade, orientação e fronteira. A partir da noção de variedades, introduzimos as formas diferenciais e suas principais propriedades, que nos permite trabalhar com integração em variedades diferenciáveis de maneira simplificada devido às propriedades algébricas que o espaço graduado Ω*(M) possui. Usando a teoria de formas diferenciais construímos uma teoria de cohomologia, chamada Cohomologia de DeRham, que é feita a partir dos espaços vetoriais das formas diferenciais. Os grupos de cohomologia são essenciais no presente trabalho, pois a partir deles temos as bases para apresentar diversos dos resultados importantes na tese como a Dualidade de Poincaré, a Fórmula de Künneth e o Teorema de Leray-Hirsch. Além disso, as classes de cohomologia são usadas para definir a classe de Euler nos fibrados vetoriais reais de rank 2 e, por consequência, a definição da primeira classe de Chern nos fibrados vetoriais complexos de rank 1. Depois, apresentamos de forma simplicada a construção geral das classes de Chern e algumas de suas propriedades. Por fim, é importante ressaltar a importância do conceito topológico de fibrados vetoriais no trabalho, tanto reais como complexos, tendo em vista sua relevância para definir as classes desejadas.
 
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Publishing Date
2022-10-18
 
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