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Doctoral Thesis
DOI
https://doi.org/10.11606/T.55.2023.tde-10042023-084109
Document
Author
Full name
Igor Chagas Santos
Institute/School/College
Knowledge Area
Date of Defense
Published
São Carlos, 2023
Supervisor
Committee
Ruas, Maria Aparecida Soares (President)
Craizer, Marcos
Garcia, Ronaldo Alves
Sinha, Raúl Adrián Oset
Title in Portuguese
Congruências de retas e planos do ponto de vista da teoria de singularidades
Keywords in Portuguese
Congruência de planos.
Congruência de retas
Frontal
Geometria diferencial
Geometria diferencial afim
Abstract in Portuguese
Esta tese é dedicada ao estudo de congruências de retas e planos. Congruências de retas (resp. de planos) nada mais são que famílias parametrizadas de retas (resp. famílias parametrizadas de planos). No que diz respeito às congruências de retas, estudamos o caso a 3-parâmetros em R 4 e classificamos as singularidades genéricas das congruências (caso geral), bem como as singularidades das congruências normais e normais Blaschke, neste último caso fornecendo uma resposta positiva para a conjectura apresentada por Izumiya, Saji e Takeuchi em 2003. Motivados pelo estudo das congruências normais Blaschke, também iniciamos o estudo de frontais sob o ponto de vista da geometria afim, generalizando a ideia de estrutura equiafim para frontais, definindo o campo Blaschke para frontais, fornecendo exemplos e um teorema fundamental para a teoria equiafim apresentada. Levando em conta o aspecto mais geométrico das congruências de retas apresentado na teoria introduzida por Ernst Kummer para o caso regular, estudamos congruências de retas nas quais a superfície diretora é um frontal, obtendo resultados que generalizam a teoria dada por Kummer. Além disso, considerando famílias parametrizadas de planos, apresentamos um teorema de classificação genérica das singularidades destas congruências, seguindo o método utilizado para o caso das famílias de retas.
Title in English
Line and plane congruences from a singularity theory viewpoint
Keywords in English
: Differential geometry
Affine differential geometry
Frontal
Line congruence
Plane congruence.
Abstract in English
This thesis is devoted to the study of line and plane congruences. Line congruences (resp. plane congruences) are nothing but parametric families of lines (resp. parametric families of planes). We study the case of 3-parameter line congruences in R 4 in order to classify their generic singularities (general case) and the singularities of normal and Blaschke affine normal congruences, in this last case, providing a positive answer to the conjecture presented by Izumiya, Saji and Takeuchi in 2003. Motivated by the study of Blaschke line congruences, we study frontals from the differential affine geometry viewpoint, generalizing the idea of equiaffine structure, defining the Blaschke vector field of a frontal, providing examples and a fundamental theorem for the theory stated here. Taking into account Kummers theory for line congruences in the regular case, we generalize some results to the case of line congruences for which the director surface is a frontal. Moreover, considering parametrized families of planes, we provide a classification of their generic singularities by using the same approach used for the case of lines
 
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Publishing Date
2023-04-10
 
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