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Doctoral Thesis
DOI
https://doi.org/10.11606/T.3.2023.tde-26042023-142729
Document
Author
Full name
Juliana Mendonça Silva de Jesus
E-mail
Institute/School/College
Knowledge Area
Date of Defense
Published
São Paulo, 2023
Supervisor
Committee
Teixeira, Antonio Carlos Silva Costa (President)
Bila, Daniele Maia
Graça, Cátia Alexandra Leça
Lanza, Marcos Roberto de Vasconcelos
Sakata, Solange Kazumi
Title in Portuguese
Progestogênios como contaminantes de preocupação emergente: persistência fotoquímica ambiental e alternativas de tratamento de efluentes farmacêuticos contaminados.
Keywords in Portuguese
Efluentes Farmacêuticos
Eletrólise
Persistência fotoquímica ambiental
Processos oxidativos avançados
Progestogênios
Radiólise
Abstract in Portuguese
Nesta Tese, foram investigadas as vias de entrada no meio ambiente que colaboram para a persistência fotoquímica ambiental dos progestogênios levonorgestrel (LNG) e gestodeno (GES) e foram apresentadas alternativas de remediação da fonte primária. Para tanto, inicialmente buscou-se avaliar a degradação fotoquímica do LNG e o GES sob luz solar simulada de forma direta e promovida por espécies reativas fotoinduzidas, empregando-se modelos cinéticos para estimativa do tempo de meia-vida dos hormônios na água do Reservatório Guarapiranga. Dada a comprovação do caráter persistente dos progestogênios (1/2()= 3,4 ± 0,4 dias; 1/2() = 11,3 ± 0,9 dias), na sequência avaliou-se o emprego de fontes ionizantes (feixe de elétrons e radiação gama gerada a partir de radioisótopo de 60Co) para a geração de espécies reativas oxidativas (HO) e redutivas (H e eaq ) para degradação dos progestogênios em soluções sintéticas e no efluente farmacêutico residual do processo de produção de contraceptivos, onde LNG e GES foram identificados e quantificados (4,00 ± 0,3 e 0,66 ± 0,6 mg L-1, respectivamente). Também se avaliaram processos oxidativos avançados eletroquímicos anódicos para degradação dos hormônios, empregando-se delineamento composto central para determinar as condições operacionais em que dois tipos de ânodos: DSA (do inglês dimensionally stable anodes) e BDD (também do inglês boron doped Diamond) resultassem no menor consumo energético específico (~2,0 kWh g-1). Finalmente, a partir das elevadas remoções obtidas pelos processos radiolítico (90)% e eletroquímicos (70%), foram empregados ensaios de toxicidade aguda (Daphnia similis), atividade estrogênica (YES) e citotóxicos (células NIH 3T3-L1) para confirmar a eficácia dos processos propostos como forma de remediação de matrizes aquosas contendo os progestogênios.
Title in English
Progestins as contaminants of emerging concern: environmental photochemical persistence and treatment alternatives for contaminated pharmaceutical effluents.
Keywords in English
Advanced oxidation process
Electrolysis
Environmental photochemical persistence
Pharmaceutical wastewater
Progestins
Radiolysis
Abstract in English
In this Thesis, the pathways of entry into the environment that contribute to the environmental photochemical persistence of the progestogens levonorgestrel (LNG) and gestodene (GES) were investigated and alternatives for remediation of the primary source were presented. For this purpose, firstly the photochemical degradation of LNG and GES under simulated direct sunlight and promoted by photoinduced reactive species was evaluated, using kinetic models to estimate the half-life of hormones in the Guarapiranga Reservoir water. Given the evidence of the persistent nature of progestogens (1/2()= 3.4 ± 0.4 days; 1/2() = 11.3 ± 0.9 days), in the sequence the use of ionizing sources (electron beam and gamma radiation generated from a radioisotope of 60Co) was evaluated for the generation of reactive oxidative (HO) and reducing (H and eaq ) species for the degradation of progestogens in synthetic solutions and in the residual pharmaceutical effluent from the contraceptive production process, where LNG and GES were identified and quantified (4.00 ± 0.31 and 0.66 ± 0.63 mg L-1, respectively). Advanced anodic electrochemical oxidative processes for hormone degradation were also investigated, using a central composite design to determine the operating conditions under which two types of anodes (dimensionally stable anode-DSA and boron-doped diamond- BDD) would result in the lowest specific energy consumption. (~2.0 kWh g-1). Finally, from the high removals obtained by radiolytic (maior ou igual 90)% and electrochemical (maior ou igual 70%) processes, acute toxicity (Daphnia similis), estrogenic activity (YES) and cytotoxic (NIH 3T3-L1 cells) assays were used to confirm the effectiveness of the proposed processes as a form of remediation of aqueous matrices containing progestogens.
 
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Publishing Date
2023-04-27
 
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