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Doctoral Thesis
DOI
https://doi.org/10.11606/T.18.2023.tde-21122023-114400
Document
Author
Full name
Gustavo Satoru Takeya
Institute/School/College
Knowledge Area
Date of Defense
Published
São Carlos, 2023
Supervisor
Committee
Casteletti, Luiz Carlos (President)
Canale, Lauralice de Campos Franceschini
Fernandes, Frederico Augusto Pires
Lombardi Neto, Amadeu
Zilnyk, Kahl Dick
Title in Portuguese
Produção e caracterização de camadas tribológicas obtidas por laser e tratamentos termoquímicos em aços grafíticos
Keywords in Portuguese
aços grafíticos
austêmpera
boretação
desgaste abrasivo
laser cladding
tratamentos termorreativos
vermicular
Abstract in Portuguese
Os aços grafíticos constituem-se em alternativas promissoras para a produção de peças no processo near-net-shape, em substituição as peças forjadas de aço convencional, com as consequentes vantagens econômicas. Tais aços podem apresentar adicionalmente vantagens significativas, tais como maior ductilidade, maior capacidade de absorção de vibrações, boa resistência ao desgaste e baixo coeficiente de atrito, podendo ser usados em várias aplicações estruturais de engenharia em diversos setores industriais, tais como o automotivo, agrícola, ferroviário e no de bombas e compressores. Neste trabalho foram produzidos aços grafíticos com três composições químicas: 1%C; 1%C-0,5%Nb e 2%C-0,5%Nb. No caso da composição com 2%C, obteve-se um aço com microestrutura inédita, contendo grafita na morfologia vermicular. A adição de nióbio não influenciou significativamente nos tamanhos de grãos, tendo ocorrido a formação de carbonetos de nióbio dispersos nos contornos de grãos. Visando um melhoramento das características tribológicas dos mesmos, foram produzidas camadas por meio de tratamentos térmicos (laser quenching), termoquímicos (boretação e tratamentos termorreativos) e deposição por laser cladding de Colmonoy. Os substratos foram submetidos a tratamentos de austêmpera, visando a obtenção de elevadas resistências mecânicas. As amostras foram caracterizadas por meio de microscopias confocal a laser e MEV, EDS, DRX, ensaios de microdureza Vickers e de desgaste microabrasivo do tipo esfera fixa. Nos tratamentos termoquímicos obteve-se camadas uniformes e com elevados níveis de durezas (1800 HV na boretação e 2200 HV no termorreativo). Estas camadas, juntamente com a produzida por laser cladding mostraram-se altamente efetivas no melhoramento das características tribológicas dos aços grafíticos, produzindo grandes aumentos nas resistências ao desgaste, em comparação com os respectivos substratos: 8 a 24x no caso da boretação, 13 a 40x no caso da TRD e 4 a 12x no caso do laser cladding.
Title in English
Production and characterization of tribological coatings obtained by laser and thermochemical treatments on graphitic steels
Keywords in English
abrasive wear
austempering
boriding
graphitic steels
laser cladding
thermo-reactive treatments
vermicular
Abstract in English
Graphitic steels represent promising alternatives for the production of near-net-shape parts, replacing conventional forged steel components, with consequent economic advantages. Additionally, such steels can exhibit significant benefits, such as higher ductility, increased vibration absorption capacity, good wear resistance, and low friction coefficient, making them suitable for various structural engineering applications in different industrial sectors, including automotive, agricultural, railway, pumps, and compressors. In this study, three chemical compositions of graphitic steels were produced: 1%C; 1%C-0.5%Nb; and 2%C-0.5%Nb. In the case of the 2%C composition, a steel with a novel microstructure, containing vermicular graphite, was obtained. The addition of niobium did not significantly influence grain sizes, and dispersed Nb carbides formed along grain boundaries. To enhance their tribological characteristics, surface layers were produced through thermal treatments (laser quenching), thermochemical processes (boriding and thermo-reactive treatments), and laser cladding with Colmonoy. The substrates were subjected to austempering treatments to achieve high mechanical strength. The samples were characterized using laser confocal microscopy, SEM, EDX, XRD, Vickers microhardness tests, and microabrasive wear tests with a fixed sphere. The thermochemical treatments yielded uniform layers with high hardness levels (1800 HV for boriding and 2200 HV for thermo-reactive treatment). These layers, along with the one produced by laser cladding, proved to be highly effective in enhancing the tribological properties of the graphitic steels, resulting in significant increases in wear resistance compared to their respective substrates: 8 a 24 times for boriding, 13 a 40 times for TRD, and 4 a 12 times for laser cladding.
 
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Publishing Date
2024-01-03
 
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