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Doctoral Thesis
DOI
https://doi.org/10.11606/T.18.2023.tde-25012024-083804
Document
Author
Full name
Willame de Araújo Cavalcante
Institute/School/College
Knowledge Area
Date of Defense
Published
São Carlos, 2023
Supervisor
Committee
Zaiat, Marcelo (President)
Braga, Adriana Ferreira Maluf
Garcia, Marcelo Loureiro
Gomes, Simone Damasceno
Lovato, Giovanna
Title in Portuguese
Avaliação de processos sintróficos avançados na digestão anaeróbia de resíduos ricos em carboidratos sob diferentes condições de estresse operacionais
Keywords in Portuguese
AnSTBR
DIET
resíduos de frutas e verduras
sobrecarga orgânica
UASB
Abstract in Portuguese
A transferência direta de elétrons interespécies (DIET) se coloca como uma estratégia vantajosa para aumentar a produção de metano em reatores anaeróbios alimentados com substratos ricos em carbono e suplementados com algum material condutor. Esta pesquisa buscou avaliar o potencial do mecanismo de DIET sob diferentes condições operacionais de estresse biológico. Na primeira etapa utilizou-se dois reatores de leito estruturados alimentados com solução rica em carboidratos para avaliar a influência do carvão ativado granular (GAC) como meio condutor estimulador da metanogênese sob baixa concentração de inóculo. Na segunda etapa utilizou-se dois reatores com biomassa floculenta alimentados com resíduos de frutas e verduras liquefeito (FVWL) para avaliar o limite de carga orgânica volumétrica (COV), bem como a redução do estresse da sobrecarga com a adição de uma dose de GAC previamente selecionada em ensaios em bateladas. Na primeira etapa, os Anaerobic Structured Bed Reactors (AnSTBRs) com leito de nylon e leito de GAC (2,45 L) foram operados por 20 dias em modo de batelada sequencial com 0,05% (v:v) de inóculo, além de mais 40 dias em modo contínuo. O estresse operacional forçou uma intensa acidificação, a qual estimulou o desenvolvimento de organismos promotores de DIET apenas no reator com eleito de GAC. Ou seja, o GAC é capaz de estimular o desenvolvimento e microbiomas especializados no desenvolvimento de DIET, potencializando a metanogênese. Na segunda etapa, dois reatores Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket (UASB) de 12,6 L foram alimentados com FVWL com COV variando de 1,8 a 10 g-DQO L-1 d-1 por 360 dias. A duplicata de reatores operados de forma idêntica até 240 dias confirmou a reprodutibilidade do processamento do FVWL até o limite operacional identificado com COV acima de 8 g-DQO L-1 d-1. O aumento do limite de COV só foi ultrapassado com a adição de 10 g-GAC L-1 em um dos reatores. Esta dose foi dimensionada com o auxílio de um planejamento experimental em batelada, o qual permitiu identificar um limite de dose em função da concentração de biomassa no reator. Com a dosagem de GAC definida, o reator UASB suportou COV de 10 g-DQO L-1 d-1 com MYDQO de 0,200 mLCH4 g-DQO-1, enquanto o outro reator UASB acidificou sem recuperação. Ou seja, o GAC alivia a sobrecarga de ácidos, possibilitando o acréscimo de COV em reator UASB alimentado com FVWL.
Title in English
Assessment of advanced syntrophic processes in anaerobic digestion of carbohydrate-rich waste under different operational stress conditions
Keywords in English
AnSTBR
DIET
fruit and vegetable waste
organic overload rate
UASB
Abstract in English
Direct interspecies electron transfer (DIET) is an advantageous strategy to increase methane production in anaerobic reactors fed with carbon-rich substrates and supplemented with conductive material. The purpose of this study was to assess the potential of the DIET mechanism under various operational conditions of biological stress. In the first research stage, two structured bed reactors fed with carbohydrate-rich solution were used to assess the influence of granular activated carbon (GAC) as a conductive medium to stimulate methanogenesis at low inoculum concentration. In the second research stage, two suspended biomass reactors fed with liquefied fruit and vegetable residues (FVWL) were used to assess the organic loading rate (OLR) limit as well as the reduction of overload stress with the addition of a dose of GAC previously selected in batch tests. In the first research stage, two Anaerobic Structured Bed Reactors (AnSTBRs) with nylon bed and GAC bed (2.45 L) were operated in sequential batch mode for 20 days with 0.05% (v:v) inoculum, followed by 40 days in continuous mode. Operational stress forced intense acidification, which stimulated the development of DIET-promoting organisms only in the reactor with GAC bed. That is, the GAC can stimulate the development of specialized microbiomes in the development of DIET, enhancing methanogenesis. In the second research stage, two 12.6 L Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket (UASB) reactors were fed with FVWL with OLR ranging from 1.8 to 10 g COD L-1 d-1 for 360 days. The duplicate assay of identically operated reactors up to 240 days confirmed the reproducibility of the FVWL processing up to the operational limit identified with OLR above 8 g-COD L-1 d-1. The OLR limit increase was only exceeded with the addition of 10 g-GAC L-1 in one of the reactors. This dose was dimensioned using an experimental batch design, which allowed for the identification of a dose limit as a function of biomass concentration in the reactor. With the defined GAC dosage, the first UASB reactor supported OLR of 10 g-COD L-1 d-1 with MYCOD of 0.200 mLCH4 g-COD-1, while the other UASB reactor acidified and could not be recovered. In other words, GAC alleviates acid overload, allowing increased OLR in a UASB reactor fed with FVWL.
 
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Publishing Date
2024-01-29
 
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