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Doctoral Thesis
DOI
https://doi.org/10.11606/T.16.2024.tde-13052024-155606
Document
Author
Full name
Victor Piedade de Prospero
E-mail
Institute/School/College
Knowledge Area
Date of Defense
Published
São Paulo, 2024
Supervisor
Committee
Lira, José Tavares Correia de (President)
Eugênio, Marcos Francisco Napolitano de
Nobre, Ana Luiza de Souza
Real, Patrício Del
Silva, Joana Mello de Carvalho e
Title in Portuguese
Arquitetura paulista e ditadura militar (1964-1985)
Keywords in Portuguese
Arquitetura moderna brasileira
Arquitetura paulista
Ditadura militar
Abstract in Portuguese
Se a chamada arquitetura paulista emergiu como identidade reconhecível no início dos anos 1960, ela se sedimentou e difundiu sobretudo durante a ditadura militar brasileira (1964-1985). Esta pesquisa busca compreender os vínculos e conflitos entre a estética e a política, bem como os impasses do campo profissional nesse período. Importantes nuances e deslocamentos aparecem quando superamos a abordagem da ditadura como simples pano de fundo, ou as narrativas ancoradas somente na memória social construída pelos próprios atores do período, ou a dualidade resistência-colaboração. Convém, portanto, olhar para a complexidade desse momento histórico através das diferentes formas de intervenção, resposta, adaptação, inserção ou acomodação que arquitetos encontraram frente a um contexto de intensa repressão combinada a um cresci- mento econômico e da construção civil sem precedentes. Foi comum a abordagem do golpe civil-militar de 1964 como marco de interrupção para uma arquitetura que se afirmava. As duas décadas seguintes, no entanto, parecem demonstrar o contrário, seja pela permanência e difusão dos procedimentos técnicos e estéticos que se consolidaram no início daquela década, seja pelo salto quantitativo nas encomendas que acabaram por mobilizar esse saber-fazer. Se é certo que as expectativas de transformação social que acompanhavam aquela nova estética de fato saíram de cena, também podemos afirmar que com base em autoritarismo e aumento das desigualdades o desenvolvimento das forças produtivas só se intensificou. Os projetos de racionalização e planejamento dos arquitetos de alguma forma se realizavam, expondo contradições inerentes às apostas de modernização que os animavam. Para além de constatar ou denunciar um quadro contraditório, propõe-se aqui ler as ambivalências nas realizações concretas do período, entre encomendas públicas e privadas sindicatos, quartéis, clubes, terminais, barragens, sedes administrativas, agências bancárias, torres de escritórios que mobilizaram essa estética particular e, com ela, um aparato simbólico em disputa.
Title in English
Paulista Architecture and Military Dictatorship (1964-1985)
Keywords in English
Brazilian modern architecture
Military dictatorship
São Paulo architecture
Abstract in English
The so-called Paulista architecture emerged as a recognizable identity in the early 1960s, but it was mainly during the Brazilian military dictatorship (1964-1985) that it established itself. This research seeks to understand the links and conflicts between aesthetics and politics, as well as the impasses of that professional field at the period. Important nuances and shifts appear when we overcome the approach to the dictatorship simply as background, or through narratives anchored only in the social memory built by the periods actors themselves, or even from a reading of them through the dual lens of resistance-collaboration. We propose, therefore, to look at the complexity of this historical moment through the different forms of intervention, response, adaptation, insertion, or accommodation that architects found in a context of intense repression combined with unprecedented economic growth and a construction industry boom. Current narratives usually approach the civil-military coup of 1964 as a break for an architectural approach that was settling itself. The following two decades, however, seem to demonstrate otherwise, either by the permanence and spread of technical and aesthetic procedures that were consolidated at the beginning of that decade, or by the quantitative leap in commissions that mobilized such know-how. If it is true that the expectations of social transformation attached to that new aesthetics were indeed interrupted, we can also affirm thatbased on authoritarianism and increasing inequalitiesthe productive forces development was only intensified. The architects rationali- zation and planning wills were somehow put into practice, exposing contradictions inherent to the modernization stakes that motivated them. Beyond stating or denouncing a contradictory picture, we propose here to read the ambivalences in concrete achievements of the period, between public and private commissionsunions, military barracks, clubs, terminals, dams, administrative headquarters, bank agencies, and office towersthat mobilized this particular aesthetic and, together with it, a symbolic apparatus in dispute.
 
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Publishing Date
2024-05-15
 
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