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Master's Dissertation
DOI
https://doi.org/10.11606/D.16.2023.tde-25102023-132902
Document
Author
Full name
Vitória Sanches Lemes Soares
E-mail
Institute/School/College
Knowledge Area
Date of Defense
Published
São Paulo, 2023
Supervisor
Committee
Ornstein, Sheila Walbe (President)
Fabricio, Márcio Minto
Imai, César
Kurokawa, Fernando Akira
Title in Portuguese
Ambiente de pronto-socorro hospitalar e infecções: avaliação pós-ocupação realizada no contexto da pandemia de COVID-19
Keywords in Portuguese
Avaliação Pós-Ocupação
COVID-19
Infecção hospitalar
Pronto-Socorro
Abstract in Portuguese
A presente pesquisa visa identificar os aspectos relevantes do ambiente construído e relacionados às infecções hospitalares para elaborar diagnósticos e recomendações consistentes direcionados aos ambientes de Pronto-Socorro (PS), considerando a situação vivenciada e a experiência adquirida na pandemia de COVID-19. Um Estabelecimento Assistencial de Saúde (EAS) deve amparar atividades complexas, atendendo aos diversos requisitos presentes em normas, oferecendo suporte às atividades dos profissionais de saúde e atuando como um ambiente que contribua para o restabelecimento do paciente. Os PSs, por funcionarem em período integral e, geralmente, com portas abertas, são exemplos de ambientes que se apresentam, frequentemente, superlotados, abrigando pessoas com doenças diversas. Surtos, endemias, epidemias e pandemias, como a causada pelo coronavírus SARS-CoV-2, corroboram a importância da avaliação do edifício em uso, verificando-se a sua adequação aos requisitos de desempenho, identificando-se os aspectos positivos e negativos, sob a ótica ambiental, e a necessidade de alterações. Dessa forma, como estratégias de pesquisa, foram adotadas: a busca por literatura e pesquisas já existentes; a organização das normas e boas práticas relacionadas ao assunto, considerando como aspectos principais a organização dos fluxos de atividades e a Qualidade do Ar em Ambiente Interno (QAI); e a utilização de estudo de caso, a saber, o PS do Hospital Universitário da Universidade de São Paulo. Como procedimentos metodológicos, foram utilizados os multimétodos da Avaliação Pós-Ocupação, de modo a considerar a opinião dos usuários e dos especialistas para a avaliação do PS. Para a coleta de dados, foram aplicadas entrevistas semiestruturadas com funcionários e com arquiteto especialista; walkthrough acompanhado de pessoas-chave; observação de comportamento para mapeamento e quantificação de fluxos; levantamentos físicos e registros visuais; medições das condições ambientais e simulação em Dinâmica dos Fluidos Computacional. Por fim, elaboraram-se diagnósticos e recomendações para o ambiente avaliado, relacionados aos fluxos de atividades e à QAI, sendo passíveis de serem considerados em edifícios e projetos de tipologia semelhante, contribuindo, assim, para a melhoria na qualidade do ambiente construído de PSs e de EASs.
Title in English
Hospital emergency room environment and infections: post-occupancy evaluation carried out in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic
Keywords in English
COVID-19
Emergency room
Nosocomial infection
Post-Occupancy evaluation
Abstract in English
This research aims to identify relevant aspects of the built environment and related to nosocomial infections in order to prepare consistent diagnoses and recommendations for Emergency Room (ER) environments, considering the situation experienced and the experience gained in the COVID-19 pandemic. A healthcare facility must support complex activities, meet the various requirements present in standards, offer support to the activities of healthcare professionals, and function as an environment that contributes to the patients recovery. The ERs, as they work full-time and, generally, with open doors, are examples of overcrowded environments, sheltering people with different diseases. Outbreaks, endemics, epidemics, and pandemics, such as the one caused by the SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus, corroborate the importance of evaluating the building in use, verifying its adequacy to the performance requirements, identifying the positive and negative aspects, from the environmental perspective, and the need for changes. Thus, the following research strategies were adopted: the search for existing literature and research; the organization of standards and good practices related to the subject, considering as main aspects the organization of activity flows and indoor air quality; and the use of a case study, in this case the ER of the University Hospital at the University of São Paulo. As methodological procedures, the Post-Occupancy Evaluation multi- methods were used, in order to consider the opinion of users and specialists for the evaluation of the ER. For data collection, semi-structured interviews were applied with employees and a specialist architect; walkthrough accompanied by key people; behavior observation for mapping and quantifying flows; physical surveys and visual records; measurements of environmental conditions; and simulation in Computational Fluid Dynamics. Finally, diagnoses and recommendations were prepared for the evaluated environment, related to the activity flows and indoor air quality, which can be considered in buildings and projects of a similar typology, contributing to the improvement in the quality of the built environment of ERs and healthcare facilities in general.
 
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Publishing Date
2023-10-30
 
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