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Master's Dissertation
DOI
https://doi.org/10.11606/D.11.2020.tde-05102020-134357
Document
Author
Full name
Davi Bernardes Moscardini
E-mail
Institute/School/College
Knowledge Area
Date of Defense
Published
Piracicaba, 2020
Supervisor
Committee
Favarin, José Laercio (President)
Schwerz, Felipe
Andrade, Sara Adrián López de
Cherubin, Maurício Roberto
Title in Portuguese
Consórcio café-forrageira tropical: impactos nos indicadores da qualidade de solo
Keywords in Portuguese
Coffea arábica L.
Braquiária
Café arábica
Consórcio
Saúde do solo
SMAF
Abstract in Portuguese
O cultivo de café no Brasil, maior produtor do mundo, é realizado majoritariamente a pleno sol, em sistema de monocultivo, onde cerca de quarenta por cento da área é mantida sem plantas de cobertura, uma prática prejudicial à qualidade do solo. Na última década, o consórcio de café com forrageira tropical ganhou muitos adeptos por supostamente aumentar a produtividade do cafezal. O consórcio em faixas consiste em renques de cafeeiros intercalados com plantas do gênero Urochloa, forrageira de notável produção de biomassa e capacidade de melhorar os atributos do solo. A presente pesquisa testou a seguinte hipótese: a inserção da forrageira tropical no cultivo de café arábica é vantajosa ao sistema de produção, pelos benefícios da planta de cobertura aos atributos físicos, químicos e biológicos relacionados à qualidade do solo. Amostras de solo deformadas e indeformadas foram coletadas nas profundidades de 0 a 0,1 m e 0,1 a 0,3 m, em três posições no cafezal (sob a copa, rodado e entrelinha) em dois sistemas de cultivo de café (monocultivo e consórcio com forrageira tropical, ambos durante doze anos). Primeiro avaliou-se o impacto da gramínea em cada indicador de forma isolada, e os resultados evidenciaram melhoria de atributos químicos - aumento do teor de fósforo e potássio; de atributos físicos - maior infiltração de água e redução da densidade do solo e de atributos biológicos - aumento do carbono orgânico total, atividade da B-Glucosidase e dos fatores relacionados a fungos micorrízicos arbusculares. Para integração dos dados foi calculado um índice de qualidade de solo (IQS) através do software SMAF (Soil Management Assesment Framework). Esta pesquisa foi pioneira no uso do SMAF para avaliar a qualidade de solo em cafezais. Por meio dessa ferramenta detectou-se diferenças na qualidade do solo em razão da posição avaliada e do sistema de cultivo de café. A inserção da forrageira tropical melhorou 5% o IQS dos primeiros 0,1 m sob a copa do cafeeiro e 13% na entrelinha do cafezal. Na profundidade entre 0,1 m e 0,3 m o IQS foi 5% superior sob o rodado e 9% na entrelinha, onde era mantida a forrageira. Os resultados dessa pesquisa comprovaram a hipótese, evidenciando que o consórcio do café com a forrageira tropical é uma estratégia efetiva para melhorar a qualidade do solo na cafeicultura nacional.
Title in English
Coffee-tropical forage intercrop: impacts on soil quality indicators
Keywords in English
Brachiaria
Coffee
Intercropping
SMAF
Soil Health
Abstract in English
The coffee cultivation in Brazil, largest producer in the world, is carried out mainly in full sun, in a monoculture system, where about forty percent of the area is maintained without cover crops, a harmful practice to soil quality. In the last decade, the coffee intercrop with tropical forage has gained many followers for allegedly increasing coffee productivity. This strip consortium consists of rows of coffee plants interspersed with plants of the Urochloa genus, a forage remarkable for its biomass production and ability to improve soil attributes. The present research tested the following hypothesis: the cultivation of tropical forage with arabica coffee is advantageous to the production system, due to the benefits of the cover crop to the physical, chemical and biological attributes related to soil quality. Deformed and undisturbed soil samples were collected at depths from 0 to 0.1 m and 0.1 to 0.3 m, in three positions in the coffee plantation (under the canopy, in the machine traffic zone and between the lines) in two coffee cultivation systems (monoculture and intercropped with tropical forage, both with twelve years). First, the impact of the grass on each individual indicator was evaluated, and the results showed an improvement in chemical attributes - increased phosphorus and potassium content; physical attributes - greater water infiltration and reduced soil density and biological attributes - increase in total organic carbon, activity of B-Glucosidase and factors related to arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi. For data integration, a soil quality index (SQI) was calculated using the SMAF (Soil Management Assessment Framework) software. This research was pioneer in the use of SMAF to assess soil quality in coffee plantations. Through this tool, differences in soil quality were detected due to different positions and coffee growing system evaluated. The insertion of tropical forage improved 5% the SQI of the first 0.1 m under the coffee canopy and 13% between the lines. In the depth 0.1 m to 0.3 m, the SQI was 5% superior in the machine traffic zone and 9% between the lines, where the forage was kept. The results of this research proved the hypothesis, showing that the consortium of coffee with tropical forage is an effective strategy to improve soil quality in national coffee production.
 
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Publishing Date
2020-10-06
 
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