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Doctoral Thesis
DOI
https://doi.org/10.11606/T.87.2017.tde-04102017-122218
Document
Author
Full name
Fernando Freitas de Oliveira
Institute/School/College
Knowledge Area
Date of Defense
Published
São Paulo, 2017
Supervisor
Committee
Schneider, Rene Peter (President)
Hespanhol, Ivanildo
Mierzwa, José Carlos
Pellizari, Vivian Helena
Tonso, Aldo
Title in Portuguese
Tratamento de água do mar por filtros de areia biológicos: estratégia para o controle de biofilmes.
Keywords in Portuguese
Biofouling
Água do Mar
Biofilmes
Filtros Biológicos
Filtros Lentos de Areia
Filtros Rápidos de Areia
Membranas Filtrantes
Pré-tratamento
Abstract in Portuguese
O presente trabalho avaliou o desempenho de filtros de areia biológicos no tratamento da água do mar a fim de controlar a formação de biofilmes microbianos em membranas de osmose reversa, utilizadas para o processo de dessalinização, e posteriormente em tanques de cultivo de peixes. Para isto, proteínas e carboidratos (principais componentes de biofilmes) foram quantificados em corpos de prova expostos à diferentes tratamentos. A água produzida pelos tratamentos também foi avaliada por meio da quantificação de microrganismos e teor de carbono orgânico assimilável (AOC), que está associado ao potencial de crescimento microbiano (PCM). A capacidade dos filtros em reduzir turbidez e SDI a partir da água captada no mar, também constituiu um parâmetro de avaliação. A partir dos dados obtidos foi possível verificar que os sistemas de tratamento da água do mar constituídos por filtros lentos de areia são capazes de reduzir a incidência de biofilmes em membranas de osmose reversa (reduzindo em até cerca de 80% a concentração de proteínas e 88% a de carboidratos). Porém, para que se tenha uma taxa significativa de remoção do AOC e redução do PCM, esses sistemas requerem um tempo de maturação entre 50 e 60 dias. Por outro lado, em termos de redução de turbidez e SDI, esses sistemas demonstram eficiência praticamente imediata, resultando em uma água com turbidez sempre menor que 0.3 UNT e SDI sempre menor que 4. Como forma de tratamento de água do mar para sistemas de aquicultura, os filtros lentos de areia demonstraram capacidade em reduzir a formação de biofilmes e a deposição de material particulado dentro dos tanques de cultivo, sendo esta redução mais evidente no fundo dos tanques e na observação realizada após 31 dias. O uso de filtros de areia para o tratamento da água utilizada no cultivo de peixes pode contribuir para redução da frequência de manejo e limpeza de tanques.
Title in English
Seawater treatment by biological sand filters: strategy for biofilm control.
Keywords in English
Biofouling
Biofilms
Biological Filters
Membrane Filtration. Pretreatment
Rapid Sand Filters
Seawater
Slow Sand Filters
Abstract in English
The present work has evaluated the performance of biological sand filters in seawater treatment in order to control microbial biofilms formation in reverse osmosis membranes used for the desalination process. The same filters were also evaluated as a seawater treatment system for aquaculture, and the performance in biofilms control inside the fish tanks was verified. To evaluate the performance in terms of biofilms control, proteins and carbohydrates (main components of biofilms) were quantified in specimens exposed to different treatments. The water produced by the treatments was also evaluated by microorganisms concentration and assimilable organic carbon content, which is associated with microbial growth potential. The performance of turbidity removal and SDI reduction from raw water was also an evaluation parameter. From the data obtained, it was observed that seawater treatment systems by of slow sand filters are able to reduce reverse osmosis membranes biofilms (up to 80% proteins concentration and 88% carbohydrate concentration). However, in order to have a significant rate of AOC removal and PCM reduction, these systems need a maturation time between 50 and 60 days. On the other hand, in terms of turbidity removal and SDI reduction, these systems demonstrate immediate efficiency, resulting in water turbidity always less than 0.3 NTU and SDI always less than 4. The slow sand filters showed efficience to reduce the biofilm formation and material deposition inside the fish tanks, this reduction was more evident at the bottom of the tanks and after 31 days. The use of sand filters as a water treatment for fish farming can contribute to reduce the number of procedures for handling and cleaning tanks.
 
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Publishing Date
2017-10-05
 
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