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Doctoral Thesis
DOI
https://doi.org/10.11606/T.85.2009.tde-22092011-140712
Document
Author
Full name
Valdirene de Oliveira Scapin
E-mail
Institute/School/College
Knowledge Area
Date of Defense
Published
São Paulo, 2009
Supervisor
Committee
Sato, Ivone Mulako (President)
Cotrim, Marycel Elena Barboza
Ribeiro, Andreza Portella
Saiki, Mitiko
Saldiva, Paulo Hilario Nascimento
Title in Portuguese
Avaliação da contaminação por elementos inorgânicos e ésteres ftálicos em poeira doméstica da região metropolitana de São Paulo
Keywords in Portuguese
contaminação
poeira doméstica
São Paulo
Abstract in Portuguese
A poeira doméstica tem sido identificada como um importante vetor de exposição por substâncias inorgânicas e orgânicas, potencialmente tóxicas, em crianças e adultos. A composição da poeira tem uma forte influência de contaminantes provenientes de ambientes internos e externos. Durante o uso normal ou por intempéries, de uma variedade de artefatos e materiais, as substâncias químicas são desincorporadas para o meio ambiente. Uma vez liberadas, elas tendem a se acumular e enriquecer na poeira doméstica; e por meio de exposição contínua (mecanismos de inalação, ingestão e contato direto com a pele) afeta a saúde humana. Neste trabalho, foi realizada uma avaliação da contaminação por constituintes inorgânicos e ésteres ftálicos em poeira doméstica; e a correlação com as prováveis fontes antropogênicas. As amostras de poeira foram coletadas de 69 residências, nos bairros Pirituba, Freguesia do Ó, Jaraguá e Perus, da região metropolitana de São Paulo, entre 2006 e 2008. As amostras foram separadas nas frações: 850, 850-300, 300-150, 150-75, 75- 63 e <63 μm. A análise por fluorescência de raios X (WDXRF) mostrou a presença de Na, Mg, Al, Si, P, S, Cl, K, Ca, Ti, Cr, Mn, Fe, Ni, Cu, Zn, Br, Rb, Sr, Zr e Pb. A análise por cromatografia de fase gasosa acoplada o espectrômetro de massa (GCMS) a presença de ésteres ftálicos (DEHP, DnBP, DEP, DEHA, BBP e DMP). A partir do fator de enriquecimento (FE), os elementos P, S, Cr, Ni, Cu, Zn e Pb foram classificados como sendo significantemente e extremamente enriquecidos na poeira. As contribuições naturais e antropogênicas foram identificadas por meio de ferramentas estatísticas como análise de fatores (AF) e cluster (AC). Os elementos Cr, Ni, Cu, Zn e Pb foram encontrados em concentrações significativamente elevadas com relação aos valores de exposição total (ingestão, inalação e contato dérmico) e de risco.
Title in English
Assessment of contamination for inorganic elements and phthalate esters in household dust from the metropolitan region of São Paulo
Keywords in English
contamination
household dust
São Paulo
Abstract in English
Household dust has been identified as an important vector of exposure by inorganic and organic substances potentially toxic in children and adults. The dust composition has a strong influence of contaminants provided from internal and external environments. During the natural process of wearing or weather incidents of artifacts and materials variety, the chemical substances are released into the environment in the steam form or by leaching from final products. Once released, they can be accumulated and enriched in the dust; and by continuous exposure (inhalation, ingestion and dermal contact mechanisms), these substances are harmful to human health. In this work, a study to determine the inorganic constituents and phthalate esters concentrations in residential indoor environment dust samples, correlating them with the probable anthropogenic sources was proposed. Dust samples were collected from 69 residences in neighborhoods Pirituba, Freguesia do Ó, Jaraguá and Perus of the São Paulo metropolitan region, using a domestic vacuum cleaner, between 2006 and 2008. The samples were sieved in the fractions of 850, 850-300, 300-150, 150-75, 75-63 and <63 μm. The analysis by X-ray fluorescence (WDXRF) showed the presence of Na, Mg, Al, Si, P, S, Cl, K, Ca, Ti, Cr, Mn, Fe, Ni, Cu, Zn, Br, Rb, Sr, Zr and Pb. The presence of phthalate esters (DEHP, DnBP, DEP, DEHA, DMP and BBP) was detected, by GCMS analyses. From the enrichment factor (EF), the elements P, S, Cr, Ni, Cu, Zn and Pb were classified as being significant and extremely enriched in the dust. The natural and anthropogenic contributions by statistical tools as factor analysis (AF) and cluster were identified. The elements Cr, Ni, Cu, Zn and Pb were present significantly elevated concentrations in relation to the total exposure values (ingestion, inhalation and skin contact) and to risk.
 
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Publishing Date
2011-10-17
 
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