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Master's Dissertation
DOI
https://doi.org/10.11606/D.76.2019.tde-03052019-142851
Document
Author
Full name
Nícolas André da Costa Morazotti
E-mail
Institute/School/College
Knowledge Area
Date of Defense
Published
São Carlos, 2018
Supervisor
Committee
Napolitano, Reginaldo de Jesus (President)
Bôas, Celso Jorge Villas
Roversi, José Antonio
Title in Portuguese
Reversão temporal na linguagem operacional da mecânica quântica e a evolução temporal de pacotes de ondas para espalhamento
Keywords in Portuguese
Pós-seleção
Reversão temporal
Teorema de Wigner
Teoria de colisões
Teorias probabilísticas-operacionais
Abstract in Portuguese
A mecânica quântica apresenta assimetria por reversão temporal. Podemos entender que a origem de tal assimetria é a forma como a medida é feita na mecânica quântica descrita usualmente. Em 1964, Aharonov, Bergmann e Lebowitz propõem a pós-seleção, instrumento capaz de torná-la simétrica no tempo, bem como argumentam a validade física de tal. Aqui é discutida uma outra saída, utilizando Teorias Probabilístico-Operacionais. Encontra-se uma forma mais geral do Teorema de Wigner. Além disso, se aplica esse novo formalismo, que vale em espaços de Hilbert de dimensão finita, no experimento de medida fraca descrito por Aharonov, Albert e Vaidman em 1988, em que preparamos um estado térmico dentro de uma caixa, estudamos seu comportamento e realizamos a reversão temporal do mesmo, confirmando que a probabilidade se mantém invariante sob tal transformação de simetria.
Title in English
Time reversal in the operational language of quantum theory and time evolution of wave packets for scattering
Keywords in English
Collision theory
Operational-probabilistic theories
Post-selection
Time reversal
Wigner´s theorem
Abstract in English
Quantum mechanics presents a time-reversal asymmetry. We see the origin of such asymmetry is the way how we make measurements in the usually described quantum mechanics. In 1964, Aharonov, Bergmann and Lebowitz propose the post-selection, a tool able to make it time symmetric, as well as argues such physical validity of this tool. Here, we discuss another exit, using operational-probabilistic theories. We find a more general form of Wigner´s Theorem. Moreover, we apply this new formalism, true in finite-dimensional Hilbert spaces, in Aharonov, Albert and Vaidman 1988 weak measure described experiment, in which we prepare a thermal state inside a box, study its behaviour and perform the time reversal of it, confirming that the probability is invariant under such symmetry transformation.
 
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Publishing Date
2019-05-03
 
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