The objective of this research was the methods development for: simultaneous determination of Cr/Fe/Ni/V in crude oil; simultaneous determination of Co/Cu/Pb/Se in crude oil, gasoline and diesel; determination of Si in crude oil, gasoline and diesel; and determination of porphyrin species of Fe/Ni/V in crude oil using graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry with simultaneous detection (SIMAAS). It was studied the conditions for the emulsion sample preparation, employing Triton X-100^® as surfactant and hexane or chloroform as diluent of the crude oil. Under the best conditions, the emulsions were prepared in 6% (m v^-1) of Triton X-100^® with crude oil previously diluted with 125 µl of hexane (in methods for total determination of elements) or diluted with 400 µl of chloroform (in the method for determination of porfhyrin species). In the method for the simultaneous determination of Cr/Fe/Ni/V it was not necessary to use ultrasonic agitation due to the small mass of oil needed (50 mg) for analysis. On the other hand, ultrasonic agitation was essential to enable the stabilization of larger masses of crude oil (200 mg and 400 mg) in emulsion. The emulsion stability was improved with ultrasonic agitation, before dilution step with water. In this condition, it was possible to obtain stable emulsions with 200 mg or 400 m;g of crude oil, for 30 min or more than 8 h, respectively. The heating program of graphite furnace was evaluated in each case, with and without use of different chemical modifiers (Pd and Mg), especially in the methods for simultaneous determination, in which was necessary to adopt compromise conditions. For Si determination, was verified significant improvement in analytical parameters (sensitivity and repeatability) with the use of NbC as permanent modifier, combined with co-injected 20 µg of Pd as chemical modifier. The LODs estimated for Cr (0.07 µg g^-1), Fe (2.15 µg g^-1), Ni (1.25 µg g^-1), V (1.25 µg g^-1), Co (0.03 µg g^-1), Cu (0.03 µg g^-1), Pb (0.04 µg g^-1), Se (0.11 µg g^-1) and Si (0.16 µg g^-1) were low enough to allow measurements of the elements with great precision and accuracy. Analysis of reference materials provided results at confidence level of 95%, when applied to the Student's t-test. The Porphyrin fractionation of Fe/Ni/V was done on crude oil emulsion by combining cloud point extraction (CPE) and ultracentrifugation. In this method, 0.1 mol L^-1 of HCl must be used for extraction of elements associated with the organometallic species different of porfhyrins. After the ultracentrifugation of crude oil emulsion, asfalthene and particulate matter were separated and in the supernatant remained inorganic species, organometallic compounds and porphyrins of Fe, Ni and V. After CPE of another emulsion of crude oil, remained in the aqueous phase only the inorganic and organometallic compound species. The porphyrin concentrations of Fe, Ni and V were determined after the subtraction of the results obtained in the supernatant from the first (centrifugation) and second (CPE) procedures.