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Doctoral Thesis
DOI
https://doi.org/10.11606/T.45.2014.tde-01072014-125659
Document
Author
Full name
Naiara Vergian de Paulo
E-mail
Institute/School/College
Knowledge Area
Date of Defense
Published
São Paulo, 2014
Supervisor
Committee
Salomão, Pedro Antonio Santoro (President)
Hryniewicz, Umberto Leone
Macarini, Leonardo de Magalhães
Ragazzo, Clodoaldo Grotta
Weber, Joachin
Title in Portuguese
Sistemas de seções transversais próximos a níveis críticos de sistemas Hamiltonianos em $\mathbb{R}^4$
Keywords in Portuguese
conjuntos singulares estritamente convexos
curvas pseudo-holomorfas em simplectizações
fluxos Hamiltonianos
pontos de equilíbrio do tipo sela-centro
sistemas de seções transversais
Abstract in Portuguese
Neste trabalho estudamos dinâmica Hamiltoniana em $\mathbb{R}^4$ restrita a níveis de energia próximos a níveis críticos. Mais precisamente, consideramos uma função Hamiltoniana $H: \mathbb{R}^4 \to \mathbb{R}$ que possui um ponto de equilíbrio do tipo sela-centro $p_c \in H^{-1}(0)$ e assumimos que $p_c$ pertence a um conjunto singular estritamente convexo $S_0 \subset H^{-1}(0)$. Então, mostramos que os níveis de energia $H^{-1}(E)$, com $E>0$ suficientemente pequeno, contêm uma $3$-bola fechada $S_E$ próxima a $S_0$ que admite um sistema de seções transversais $F_E$, chamado folheação $2-3$. $F_E$ é uma folheação singular de $S_E$ com conjunto singular formado por duas órbitas periódicas $P_{2,E}\subset \partial S_E$ e $P_{3,E}\subset S_E\setminus \partial S_E$. A órbita $P_{2,E}$ é hiperbólica dentro do nível de energia $H^{-1}(E)$, pertence à variedade central do sela-centro $p_c$, tem índice de Conley-Zehnder $2$ e é o limite assintótico de dois planos rígidos de $F_E$ que, unidos com $P_{2,E}$, constituem a $2$-esfera $\partial S_E$. A órbita $P_{3,E}$ tem índice de Conley-Zehnder $3$ e é o limite assintótico de uma família a um parâmetro de planos de $F_E$ contida em $S_E\setminus \partial S_E$. Um cilindro rígido conectando as órbitas $P_{3,E}$ e $P_{2,E}$ completa a folheação $F_E$. Uma vez que $F_E$ é um sistema de seções transversais, todas as suas folhas regulares são transversais ao fluxo Hamiltoniano de $H$. Como consequência da existência de uma tal folheação em $S_E$, concluímos que a órbita hiperbólica $P_{2,E}$ admite pelo menos uma órbita homoclínica contida em $S_E \setminus \partial S_E$.
Title in English
Systems of transverse sections near critical levels of Hamiltonian systems in $\mathbb R ^4$
Keywords in English
Hamiltonian flows
pseudo-holomorphic curves in symplectizations
saddle-center equilibrium points
strictly convex singular sets
systems of transverse sections
Abstract in English
In this work we study Hamiltonian dynamics in $\mathbb R ^4$ restricted to energy levels close to critical levels. More precisely, we consider a Hamiltonian function $H:\mathbb R ^4 \to \mathbb R$ containing a saddle-center equilibrium point $p_c \in H^ -1 (0)$ and we assume that $p_c$ lies on a strictly convex singular set $S_0 \subset H^ -1 (0)$. Then we prove that the energy levels $H^ -1 (E)$, with $E>0$ sufficiently small, contain a closed $3$-ball $S_E$ near $S_0$ admitting a system of transverse sections $F_E$, called a $2-3$ foliation. $F_E$ is a singular foliation of $S_E$ and its singular set consists of two periodic orbits $P_{2,E}\subset \partial S_E$ and $P_{3,E}\subset S_E\setminus \partial S_E$. The orbit $P_{2,E}$ is hyperbolic inside the energy level $H^ -1 (E)$, lies on the center manifold of the saddle-center $p_c$, has Conley-Zehnder index $2$ and is the asymptotic limit of two rigid planes of $F_E$, which compose the $2$-sphere $S_E$ together with $P_{2,E}$. The orbit $P_{3,E}$ has Conley-Zehnder index $3$ and is the asymptotic limit of a one parameter family of planes of $F_E$ contained in $S_E \setminus \partial S_E$. A rigid cylinder connecting the orbits $P_{3,E}$ and $P_{2,E}$ completes the foliation $F_E$. Since $F_E$ is a system of transverse sections, all its regular leaves are transverse to the Hamiltonian flow of $H$. As a consequence of the existence of such foliation in $S_E$, we conclude that the hyperbolic orbit $P_{2,E}$ admits at least one homoclinic orbit contained in $S_E\setminus \partial S_E$.
 
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Publishing Date
2014-07-11
 
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