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Master's Dissertation
DOI
https://doi.org/10.11606/D.22.2009.tde-15052009-090651
Document
Author
Full name
Meire Nikaido
E-mail
Institute/School/College
Knowledge Area
Date of Defense
Published
Ribeirão Preto, 2009
Supervisor
Committee
Segura-Muñoz, Susana (President)
Mantelatto, Fernando Luis Medina
Takayanagui, Angela Maria Magosso
Title in Portuguese
Uso de águas residuárias tratadas na cultura de hortaliças: avaliação de enteroparasitas e metais pesados
Keywords in Portuguese
enteroparasitas
metais pesados
Reúso de água
Ribeirão Preto
Abstract in Portuguese
A escassez de água é um problema vigente em todo o mundo, sendo o reaproveitamento de águas residuárias uma importante temática no que se refere a preservação dos corpos hídricos e utilização consciente dos recursos disponíveis. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a viabilidade do uso da água residuária tratada da Estação de Tratamento de Esgoto de Ribeirão Preto (ETE-RP) no cultivo de hortaliças, através da caracterização e quantificação de parasitas, coliformes e metais pesados. Foram preparados 3 viveiros de iguais características, em espaço cedido pela ETE-RP, sendo o primeiro irrigado com efluente tratado/clorado à 0,2 mg/L, o segundo com efluente tratado e o terceiro com água potável, constituindo o grupo controle. As análises parasitológicas e bacteriológicas foram realizadas no Laboratório de Saúde Ambiental da Escola de Enfermagem de Ribeirão Preto, sendo utilizado o Método de Sedimentação Espontânea para detecção de parasitas e o Teste P/A (Presença ou Ausência) para investigação de bactérias do grupo coliforme. A leitura de parasitas foi realizada em Câmara de Sedgwick-Rafter e a quantificação de coliformes pela Técnica dos Tubos Múltiplos. As análises de Cd, Cu, Cr, Pb e Zn, foram realizadas por Espectroscopia com Plasma Induzido (ICP) no Instituto de Química de São Carlos da Universidade de São Paulo. A dosagem de Hg foi realizada por Espectrofotometria de Absorção Atômica com Geração de Hidreto no Laboratório de Pediatria-Setor de Metais do HCFMRP/USP. Verificou-se nas águas de irrigação, com exceção da água potável, a presença de Hymenolepis nana, Enterobius vermicularis, Larva de nematóide, Ascaris lumbricóides, Schistossoma mansoni e Entamoeba coli, os valores encontrados superam os limites estabelecidos pela WHO de < 1 nematóide/L. Os resultados de coliformes fecais da água potável e do efluente tratado/clorado mostram-se dentro dos limites estabelecidos pela Portaria CVS n.21 de 19 de dez. de 1991. Nas amostras de alface verificou-se a presença de Hymenolepis nana, Enterobius vermicularis, Larva de nematóide e Entamoeba coli, sendo que a contagem de coliformes nas hortaliças não apresentou diferença estatisticamente significante entre os três tipos de irrigação. Os níveis de metais pesados do solo de cultivo das hortaliças, bem como das águas de irrigação encontram-se dentro dos limites máximos permitidos pela CETESB (2001) e EPA (2004), respectivamente. A concentração de metais pesados nas hortaliças encontra-se abaixo dos limites máximos permitidos pela WHO (1989).
Title in English
The use of treated residuary water to grow vegetables: assessment of enteroparasites and heavy metals.
Keywords in English
enteroparasites
heavy
metals
Ribeirão Preto
wastewater use
Abstract in English
Water shortage is a worldwide problem, and the use of residuary water is an important theme regarding the preservation of water bodies and conscious use of the resources available. This study aimed to evaluate the viability of using treated residuary water from the Biological Wastewater Treatment Plant of Ribeirão Preto (ETE-RP) to grow vegetables, through the characterization and quantification of parasites, coliforms and heavy metals. Three equal cultivation areas were prepared in a space given by ETE-RP, the first was irrigated with treated/chlorinated (0.2 mg/L) wastewater, the second with treated wastewater and the third with potable water, which was the control group. Parasitological and bacteriological analyses were carried out in the Environmental Health Laboratory in the University of Sao Paulo at Ribeirao Preto College of Nursing. The Spontaneous Sedimentation Method was used to identify parasites and the P/A Test (Presence or Absence) to investigate bacteria of the coliform group. Parasite count was done in Sedgwick-Rafter Chamber and coliform quantification by the Multiple Tubes Technique. Cd, Cu, Cr, Pb and Zn analyses were carried out by Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS) at the Institute of Chemistry of São Carlos in the University of Sao Paulo. Hg dosage was done by Hydride Generation Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry at the Pediatrics Laboratory, in the Metals Unit at Hospital das Clínicas, University of Sao Paulo at Ribeirao Preto Medical School (HCFMRP/USP). The presence of Hymenolepis nana, Enterobius vermicularis, Nematode larvae, Ascaris lumbricóides, Schistosoma mansoni and Entamoeba coli was verified in irrigation waters, with except of potable water. Values found are higher than the limits established by the WHO, which are <1 nematode/L. Results of fecal coliforms in potable water and treated/chlorinated wastewater are within the limits established by CVS (Sanitary Vigilance Center) Decree n.21 from December 19 1991. The presence of thHymenolepis nana, Enterobius vermicularis, Nematode larvae and Entamoeba coli was verified in lettuce samples. Coliform count on vegetables did not show statistically significant difference among the three irrigation types. Levels of heavy metals in vegetable growing soil and in irrigation waters are within the maximum limits allowed by CETESB (2001) and the parameters recommended by EPA (2004), respectively. Concentration of heavy metals in vegetables does not represent significant risks to human health, according with recommended parameters by WHO (1989).
 
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ErrataMeireNikaido.pdf (18.22 Kbytes)
MeireNikaido.pdf (3.23 Mbytes)
Publishing Date
2009-05-20
 
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