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Doctoral Thesis
DOI
https://doi.org/10.11606/T.18.2004.tde-24112015-111804
Document
Author
Full name
Angela Di Bernardo Dantas
E-mail
Institute/School/College
Knowledge Area
Date of Defense
Published
São Carlos, 2004
Supervisor
Committee
Povinelli, Jurandyr (President)
Brandão, Cristina Célia Silveira
Mendes, Carlos Gomes da Nave
Pádua, Valter Lúcio de
Sens, Maurício Luiz
Title in Portuguese
Desempenho de sistemas de dupla filtração no tratamento de água com turbidez elevada
Keywords in Portuguese
Dupla filtração
Filtração ascendente
Filtração descendente
Filtração direta
Turbidez elevada
Abstract in Portuguese
A dupla filtração pode ser considerada como uma das mais promissoras tecnologias para tratamento de água, estimando-se que grande parte das necessidades de tratamento poderiam ser satisfeitas com o uso desta tecnologia. Alguns aspectos ainda não devidamente esclarecidos até o presente sobre esta tecnologia estão relacionados ao tratamento de água com turbidez elevada. Com a montagem e operação de uma instalação piloto, constituída de dois sistemas de dupla filtração (sistema 1: filtro ascendente de areia grossa e filtro descendente de areia e sistema 2: filtro ascendente de pedregulho e filtro descendente de areia), foi realizada uma investigação experimental com águas de estudo preparadas com caulinita (água tipo I com turbidez em torno de 100 uT e água tipo II com turbidez em torno de 300 uT). A coagulação foi realizada com o sulfato de alumínio, sem o uso de alcalinizante ou de acidificante, para que resultasse potencial zeta próximo de zero. A operação de ambos os sistemas foi efetuada com e sem descargas de fundo intermediárias nos filtros ascendentes, e foram variadas as taxas de filtração em ambos os filtros (de 120 a 240 m³/m².d nos filtros ascendentes e de 180 a 300 m³/m².d nos filtros descendentes). Concluiu-se principalmente que os dois sistemas foram capazes de produzir água filtrada com turbidez consistentemente menor que 0,5 uT e que a produção efetiva de água depende da turbidez da água de estudo, das taxas de filtração, da execução das descargas de fundo intermediárias e da carga hidráulica disponível para retenção de sólidos.
Title in English
Evaluation of double filtration systems for high turbidity water treatment
Keywords in English
Direct filtration
Double filtration
Downflow filtration
High turbidity
Upflow filtration
Abstract in English
Double filtration may be considered one of the most important technologies for water treatment. It has been estimated that most of water treatment can be efficiently achieved with the use of this technology, although some design and operational aspects related to the high turbidity of the influent water have not been fully studied until the present time. A pilot plant was built comprising two double filtration systems (system 1 with an upflow coarse sand filter followed by a downflow fine sand filter; system 2 with an upflow gravel filter followed by a downflow filter identical to that used in system 1). The experimental investigation was carried out using influent waters prepared with kaolin (water type I with turbidity of approximately 100 NTU and water type II with turbidity of approximately 300 NTU). Coagulation was accomplished by using aluminum sulfate (no acid or alkaline products) so that the zeta potential resulted approximately zero. The operation of both systems was carried out with and without intermediate down flushes during the runs. Filtration rates in the filters of both systems varied from 120 to 240 m³/m².d in the upflow filters and from 180 to 300 m³/m².d in downflow filters. It was mainly concluded that both systems resulted capable to produce filtered water with turbidity consistently lower than 0.5 NTU and that the net production was related to the influent water turbidity, filtration rates, execution of intermediate down flushes and the hydraulic head provided for solids retention in both filter of each double filtration system.
 
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Publishing Date
2015-11-24
 
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