O uso de reatores de biomassa imobilizada para tratamento de esgoto tem se difundido devido a sua capacidade de manter o tempo de retenção celular (TRC) elevado, mesmo quando operados com baixo tempo de detenção hidráulica (TDH). Neste trabalho, investigou-se o desempenho de dois reatores anaeróbios horizontais de leito fixo (RAHLF) em escala de bancada, usados no tratamento do efluente de uma indústria de refrigerantes, sendo um dos reatores preenchido com grânulos e o outro com espuma de poliuretano. A pesquisa foi dividida em três etapas, referentes aos tempos de detenção hidráulica (TDH) de, respectivamente, 20 h, 10 h e 5 h. O encerramento de cada etapa ocorria quando se verificava a estabilidade operacional do sistema através dos parâmetros: DQO, ácidos voláteis totais e pH. Ao final de cada etapa, foram obtidos os perfis de concentração de DQO ao longo dos reatores. Para TDH de 10 h, os valores obtidos para a constante cinética aparente (k_l^app) foram de 0,694 h^-1, para o reator com grânulos, e de 0,467 h^-1, para o reator preenchido com espuma de poliuretano. No decorrer da pesquisa, os reatores apresentaram alguns problemas operacionais, que aumentaram à medida em que se reduzia o TDH. Avaliou-se, também, o tempo de residência real do reator com espumas através de experimentos hidrodinâmicos (traçadores). Ao final do experimento, foram quantificados os sólidos voláteis em cada reator e buscou-se diferenciar o arranjo e a fauna microbiológica, presentes nos dois tipos de imobilização, através de microscopia eletrônica de varredura (MEV).

Immobilized biomass reactors have been increasingly used for wastewater treatment due to their capacity of maintaining high cellular retention time (CRT) even when operating at low hydraulic detention time (HDT). In this work, the performances of two horizontal-flow anaerobic immobilized biomass (HAIB) bench-scale reactors treating soft drinks industry effluents were investigated and compared. One of the reactors was filled with granules and the other one with polyurethane foam matrices. The research was conducted in three stages, concerning to hydraulic detention times of, respectively, 20 h, 10 h and 5 h. A stage was considered finished when reactors operational stability was checked by means of COD, total volatile fatty acids and pH. COD profiles were obtained along the reactors at the end of each stage. In the second stage, when HDT was equal to 10 h, the apparent kinetic constant (k_l^app) values were 0.694 h^-1, to the reactor filled with grains, and 0.467 h^-1, to the other one. During the research, the reactors showed some operational problems, that increased when the HDT was reduced. The real hydraulic detention time (HDT) reactor with polyurethane foams was evaluated through the hydrodynamic experiments (tracers). Volatile solids of each reactor were quantified at the end of experiment. The arrangement and microbiological fauna inside the reactors were determined by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM).