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Master's Dissertation
DOI
https://doi.org/10.11606/D.99.2019.tde-20052019-111131
Document
Author
Full name
Danielle Elise Gill
E-mail
Institute/School/College
Knowledge Area
Date of Defense
Published
São Paulo, 2019
Supervisor
Committee
Sabino, Ester Cerdeira (President)
Cunha, Mariana Sequetin
Romano, Camila Malta
Sá Filho, Dercy José de
Title in Portuguese
Uma investigação epidemiológica de arbovírus circulantes no estado brasileiro Amapá durante os surtos de 2013-2016
Keywords in Portuguese
Arbovírus
Epidemiologia
Genômica
Virologia molecular
Abstract in Portuguese
Introdução: As arboviroses causam graves problemas de saúde pública no Brasil e em muitos dos países da América Latina. A epidemiologia molecular é um instrumento valioso na compreensão da dispersão, persistência e diversidade desses patógenos virais. Objetivos: Neste projeto, buscamos investigar a dinâmica epidemiológica molecular dos arbovíroses (com especial enfoque aos vírus da dengue-DENV, chikungunya - CHIKV e zika -ZIKV) que circularam no estado do Amapá entre os anos de 2013 e 2016. Métodos: 824 amostras de plasma humano foram coletadas pelos laboratórios de Saúde Publica (LACEN) no estado do Amapá entre os anos de 2013 e 2016; essas amostras foram obtidas de pacientes que apresentavam sintomas consistentes com uma das arboviroses. O material genético viral presente nestas amostras foi extraído e os ensaios de qPCR foram realizados. Todas as amostras foram submetidas inicialmente a um ensaio triplex (ZIKV/DENV/CHIKV), as amostras negativas foram posteriormente submetidas a um ensaio de pan-flavivírus. As amostras positivas para um dos ensaios foram submetidas a NGS (sequenciamento de nova geração). Resultados: Das 824 amostras testadas, 36 foram positivas para DENV, ZIKV ou CHIKV; desses 36 positivos, 24 foram para DENV, 11 para CHIKV e 1 para ZIKV. Foram obtidos 27 genomas completos: 16 de DENV (15 DENV1, genótipo V e 1 DENV2, genótipo III) e 11 de CHIKV (genótipo asiático / caribenho). Das 788 amostras testadas com o ensaio de pan-flavivírus, 22 amostras foram positivas; porem apenas uma amostra produziu genoma completo pela técnica de NGS. Este genoma foi relacionado com um flavivírus com semelhante em 76,81% com o vírus Long Pine Key - LPKV, que anteriormente só tinha sido descrito em mosquitos. Árvores de Maximum likelihood e Maximum clade credibility foram construídas utilizando os genomas do DENV1 obtidos neste estudo. Essas árvores exibiam duas linhagens distintas de DENV1, genótipo V presentes na América Latina. Uma destas linhagens tem um padrão de circulação que inclui países do Caribe, América Central e América do Sul (incluindo Brasil); a outra linhagem distinta circula dentro das fronteiras do Brasil. As árvores também indicam que o DENV1 presente no estado do Amapá é da linhagem que tem o padrão de circulação que inclui o Caribe e as Américas Central e do Sul e que essa linhagem surgiu no Amapá entre 2005 e 2010. Conclusão: Este estudo fornece dados importantes sobre as arboviroses no Amapá e os dados genômicos mais recentes disponíveis para a região, bem como o contexto brasileiro e latino-americano para esses dados. Dados dessa natureza são inestimáveis nos esforços das autoridades de saúde pública para a prevenção e controle de epidemias por estes agentes.
Title in English
An epidemiological investigation of circulating arboviruses in the Brazilian state of Amapá during the outbreaks of 2013-2016
Keywords in English
Arbovirus
Epidemiology
Genomics
Molecular virology
Abstract in English
Introduction: Arboviral febrile illnesses plague the nation of Brazil and many of its surrounding Latin America countries. Molecular epidemiology is a growing and increasingly invaluable tool in the field of public health for understanding the dispersal, persistence, and diversity of these impactful viral pathogens. Objectives: In this project, the identities and molecular epidemiological dynamics of arboviruses circulating in the Brazilian state of Amapá between the years 2013 and 2016, with special focus on DENV, CHIKV and ZIKV, were investigated and given Brazilian and Latin American geographical and temporal context via molecular epidemiological analyses. Methods: 824 human blood plasma samples were collected from LACEN laboratories in the state of Amapá between the years 2013 and 2016; these samples originated from patients showing symptoms consistent with any of the common arboviral febrile illnesses. The viral genetic material present in these samples was extracted and qPCR diagnostics assays were performed; all samples first underwent a triplex assay (ZIKV/DENV/CHIKV - ZDC), then the samples yielding negative results for the triplex assay underwent a pan-flavivirus assay. The samples yielding positive results for either assay were submitted for NGS and all whole viral genomes subsequently obtained underwent phylogenetic molecular epidemiological analyses. Results: Of the 824 samples tested, 36 tested positive for the ZDC assay; of those positives, 24 tested positive for DENV, 11 for CHIKV, and 1 for ZIKV. 27 full genomes were obtained from these ZDC positives: 16 of DENV (15 DENV1, genotype V and 1 DENV2, genotype III) and 11 of CHIKV (Asian and Caribbean genotype). Of the 788 samples tested with the pan-flavivirus assay, 22 samples yielded positive results, from only one of which a genome was obtainable. This genome was found to be closely related to a flavivirus previously only found in mosquitoes (76.8% identity with Long Pine Key Virus - LPKV). Maximum likelihood and maximum clade credibility trees were constructed using the DENV1 genomes obtained from this study. These trees displayed two distinct lineages of DENV1, genotype V present in Latin America, one of which has a circulation pattern spanning widely across the Caribbean and Central and South America (including Brazil), while the other circulates within Brazilian borders. The trees also indicate that the DENV1 present in the state of Amapá is of the lineage having the wider circulation pattern and that this lineage emerged in Amapá between 2005 and 2010. Conclusion: This study provides important data concerning the range of the arboviral landscape in Amapá and the most recent genomic data available for the region as well as Brazilian and Latin American context to that data. Data of this nature are invaluable in the efforts of public health officials for the prevention and control of epidemics of these impactful arboviral pathogens.
 
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Publishing Date
2019-05-20
 
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