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Doctoral Thesis
DOI
https://doi.org/10.11606/T.97.2019.tde-25082021-113304
Document
Author
Full name
Rodolfo Minto de Moraes
E-mail
Institute/School/College
Knowledge Area
Date of Defense
Published
Lorena, 2019
Supervisor
Committee
Santos, Amilton Martins dos (President)
Florenzano, Fábio Herbst
Giudici, Reinaldo
Hui, Wang Shu
Oliveira, Mauricio Pinheiro de
Title in Portuguese
Síntese de copolímeros em bloco, anfifílicos e termossensíveis, e preparação de micro/nanopartículas poliméricas para liberação controlada de fármacos
Keywords in Portuguese
Copolímero em bloco
Poli(ε-caprolactona)
Poli(3-hidroxibutirato-co-3-hidroxivalerato)
Poli(N-isopropilacrilamida)
Poli(N-vinilcaprolactama)
Abstract in Portuguese
Este trabalho descreve a síntese de diferentes tipos de copolímeros em blocos anfifílicos, termossensíveis e parcialmente biodegradáveis, via diferentes rotas sintéticas. Para a síntese dos copolímeros em blocos, poli(ε-caprolactona)-b-poli(N-isopropilacrilamida) (PCL-b-PNIPAAm) e poli(N-isopropilacrilamida)-b-poli(3-hidroxibutirato-co-3-hidroxivalerato)-b-poli(N-isopropilacrilamida) (PNIPAAm-b-PHBHV-b-PNIPAAm), avaliou-se o mecanismo de polimerização por Transferência Reversível de Cadeias via Adição-Fragmentação, mediada por agente RAFT do tipo xantato (RAFT/MADIX), partindo-se da síntese de macroagentes RAFT à base de PCL (PCL-oEX) ou PHBHV (PHBHV(oEX)2), seguido da reação de extensão de cadeia utilizando a NIPAAm como monômero. O copolímero em bloco, poli(N-vinilcaprolactama)-b-poli(ε-caprolactona) (PNVCL-b-PCL), foi obtido via combinação entre as técnicas de polimerização RAFT/MADIX e de polimerização por abertura de anel. Neste contexto, homopolímeros de NVCL funcionalizados com grupo hidroxila, preparados via polimerização RAFT/MADIX da NVCL, foram empregados como macroiniciadores na polimerização por abertura de anel da ε-CL. Uma segunda rota química foi avaliada para a síntese destes copolímeros em blocos, PNVCL-b-PCL, e dos copolímeros em blocos, poli(3-hidroxibutirato-co-3-hidroxivalerato)-b-poli(N-vinilcaprolactama) (PHBHV-b-PNVCL), a qual consistiu na combinação do mecanismo de polimerização do tipo RAFT/MADIX e de reação de cicloadição 1,3-dipolar entre azidas e alcinos. Nesta rota química, homopolímeros de PNVCL contendo grupo azida, previamente preparados via polimerização RAFT/MADIX da NVCL, e macrocadeias de PCL ou de PHBHV contendo grupo alcino terminal, foram acopladas via reação de cicloadição 1,3-dipolar entre azidas e alcinos. As análises de Cromatografia de Permeação em Gel (GPC) comprovaram a eficiência dos macroagentes RAFT e dos agentes RAFT no controle da polimerização da NIPAAm e da NVCL, respectivamente. As estruturas químicas de todos os copolímeros em blocos foram comprovadas pelas técnicas de Espectroscopia no Infravermelho com Transformada de Fourier (FTIR) e de Espectroscopia por Ressonância Magnética Nuclear de Hidrogênio (RMN 1H). As propriedades térmicas e a cristalinidade destes materiais foram, respectivamente, avaliadas pelas técnicas de Calorimetria Exploratória Diferencial (DSC) e de Difração de Raios X (DRX). Por fim, verificou-se que os tamanhos dos blocos hidrofóbico e hidrofílico exercem influência na concentração micelar crítica (CMC) e na temperatura crítica inferior de solubilização (LCST) do copolímero em bloco, e no diâmetro hidrodinâmico das micro/nanopartículas obtidas a partir destes materiais.
Title in English
Synthesis of amphiphilic and thermosensitive block copolymers, and preparation of polymeric mincro/nanoparticles for controlled drug delivery
Keywords in English
Block copolymer
Poly(ε-caprolactone)
Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate)
Poly(N-isopropylacrylamide)
Poly(N-vinylcaprolactam)
Abstract in English
This work describes the synthesis of different types of amphiphilic, thermosensitive and partially biodegradable block copolymers, via different synthetic routes. For the synthesis of the poly(ε-caprolactone)-b-poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PCL-b-PNIPAAm) and poly(N-isopropylacrylamide)-b-poly(3-hydroxybutyrate- hydroxyvalerate)-b-poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAAm-b-PHBHV-b-PNIPAAm) block copolymers, Reversible Addition-Fragmentation chain-Transfer polymerization mediated by xanthate RAFT agent (RAFT/MADIX) was evaluated, started with the synthesis of a PCL-based or PHBHV-based macro-RAFT agents (PCL-oEX or PHBHV(oEX)2), followed by chain extension reactions, using NIPAAm as monomer. The block copolymer, poly (N-vinylcaprolactam)-b-poly (ε-caprolactone) (PNVCL-b-PCL), was obtained via the combination of RAFT/MADIX polymerization and ring-opening polymerization techniques. In this context, NVCL based homopolymers functionalized with hydroxyl group, prepared via RAFT/MADIX polymerization, were used as macroinitiators in the ε-CL ring-opening polymerization. A second chemical route was evaluated for the synthesis of these PNVCL-b-PCL, and poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate)-b-poly(N-vinylcaprolactam) (PHBHV-b-PNVCL) block copolymers, which consisted of the combination of the RAFT/MADIX polymerization mechanism and the 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition reaction between azides and alkynes. In this chemical route, NVCL homopolymers containing azide group, previously prepared via NVCL RAFT/MADIX polymerization, and PCL or PHBHV macrochains containing alkyne-terminal group, were coupled via the 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition reaction between azides and alkynes. The Gel Permeation Chromatography (GPC) analyzes confirmed the efficiency of the macro-RAFT and RAFT agents in controlling the polymerization of NIPAAm and NVCL, respectively. The chemical structures of all the block copolymers were verified by Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) and Proton Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy (1H NMR) techniques. The thermal properties and crystallinity of these materials were respectively evaluated by the Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) and X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) techniques. Finally, it was observed that the length of the hydrophobic and hydrophilic blocks has an influence in the critical micelle concentration (CMC), in the lower critical solubilization temperature (LCST) of the block copolymer, and also in the hydrodynamic diameter of the micro/nanoparticles obtained from these materials.
 
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Publishing Date
2021-08-25
 
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