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Doctoral Thesis
DOI
https://doi.org/10.11606/T.96.2022.tde-21122022-120853
Document
Author
Full name
Vilson Aparecido da Costa
E-mail
Institute/School/College
Knowledge Area
Date of Defense
Published
Ribeirão Preto, 2022
Supervisor
Committee
Rezende, Amaury José (President)
Azevedo, Ricardo Rocha de
Machado Filho, Cláudio Antonio Pinheiro
Resende, Alex Laquis
Santos, Heliani Berlato dos
Silva, Adolfo Henrique Coutinho e
Title in Portuguese
Práticas de corrupção e ilegalidades processuais no ambiente corporativo e as respostas estratégicas organizacionais: um estudo multicasos de um cartel de construtoras
Keywords in Portuguese
Cartel de obras
Dependência de recursos
Escolhas estratégicas
Ilegalidades corporativas
Institucionalização
Práticas de corrupção corporativa
Abstract in Portuguese
As ilegalidades corporativas cometidas pelas principais empresas que formavam o cartel de obras, no setor de infraestrutura de óleo e gás, Odebrecht - CNO, Andrade - CAG, Camargo - CCC e OAS, dividindo entre si, quais seriam os vencedores dos contratos para a realização das obras previstas nos investimentos da Petrobras, ocuparam grande espaço nos noticiários dos mais variados tipos de mídias, após ser descoberto o escândalo de corrupção da Operação Lava Jato - OLJ, em 2014. As ilegalidades corporativas cometidas foram classificadas pelos investigadores e julgadores do caso, como sistemáticas e institucionalizadas. Analisou-se sob a perspectiva das teorias Institucional e da Dependência de Recursos de forma conjunta, as explicações dos próprios agentes envolvidos, diretores e presidentes das organizações, em seus depoimentos e delações. Visando atender o objetivo geral da pesquisa: Investigar quais foram os fatores determinantes da institucionalização das ilegalidades corporativas e as respostas estratégicas organizacionais escolhidas pelo Cartel de Obras nos contratos da Petrobras, o modelo teórico desenvolvido por Oliver (1991) foi adaptado e aplicado ao caso empírico da OLJ, para detectar as respostas estratégicas organizacionais frente as pressões institucionais externas que, conforme Oliver (1991) podem variar gradualmente da conformidade à resistência da seguinte forma: (i) Aquiescer, (ii) Negociar, (iii) Esquivar, (iv) Desafiar e (v) Manipular. Inicialmente caracterizou-se o ambiente institucional da indústria de infraestrutura de óleo e gás, para isso, analisou-se o contexto de atuação considerando aspectos históricos, políticos e econômicos que propiciaram o crescimento e a institucionalização do "modus operandi", por exemplo, as contribuições dos controles e práticas contábeis à credibilidade e organização das ilegalidades. Depois, classificou-se trechos das transcrições em categorias pré-estabelecidas, dependendo de sua relação com os fatores institucionais e preditores: (i) Causa: Legitimidade e Eficiência, (ii) Agente: Multiplicidade e Dependência, (iii) Conteúdo: Consistência e Restrição, (iv) Controle: Coerção e Difusão e (v) Contexto: Incerteza e Interconexão. O processo de codificação, baseado na metodologia de análise de conteúdo, conforme Bardin (2016), foi realizado para cada depoente individualmente e após foram agrupados por empresa e fator preditivo, o que possibilitou a identificação das respostas estratégicas de cada empresa frente as pressões institucionais a que estavam expostas. Como resultado das análises, emergiram respostas estratégicas diferentes entre as empresas do cartel, a despeito pertencerem a um mesmo campo organizacional, o que se considera uma inovação, pois a teoria institucional e o modelo de Oliver (1991) preveem, a predominância de comportamentos similares-miméticos em ambientes dominados por práticas institucionalizadas. Porém, neste caso as ilegalidades corporativas, que necessitam do sigilo para progredirem, conforme (Gabbionetta, 2013; Neu, 2013; Gendron, 2017) foram sistematizadas, a despeito da adoção de comportamentos similares ou da conformidade dos agentes envolvidos. As respostas estratégicas dominantes foram as seguintes: CNO - manipular, CAG - negociar e esquivar, CCC - negociar e OAS - desafiar e aquiescer. Adicionalmente, à resposta estratégica conjunta das empresas deste campo organizacional revelada nas análises do caso, não se observou resposta prevista no modelo.
Title in English
Corruption practices and procedural illegalities in the corporate environment and organizational strategic responses: a multi-case study of a construction company cartel
Keywords in English
Construction cartel
Corporate corruption practices
Corporate illegaties
Institutionalization
Resource dependency
Strategic choose
Abstract in English
The organizational wrongdoing committted by main companies that formed the construction cartel in the oil and gas sector: Odebrecht - CNO, Andrade - CAG, Camargo - CCC e OAS, dividing each other, which would be the contract winners for the execution of the planned venture in the investments of Petrobras, took up a lot of space in the news of the most varied types of media, after the Lava Jato - OLJ corruption scandal was discovered, in 2014. The corporate illegalities committed were classified by the investigators and judges of the case, as systematic and institutionalized. The explanations of the agents involved, organization directors and presidents, in their testimonies and depositions, were analyzed from the perspective of Institutional theories and Resource Dependence together. Seeking to meet the general objective of the research: Investigate what were determining factors of the institutionalization of the corporate illegalities and the organizational strategic responses chosen by construction cartel in the Petrobras contracts; the theoretical model developed by Oliver (1991) was adapted and applied to the empirical case of the OLJ, to detect strategic organizational responses to external institutional pressures that, according to Oliver (1991) can gladually vary from conformity to resistance as follows: (i) Acquiesce, (ii) Compromise, (iii) Avoid, (iv) Defy and (v) Manipulate. Initially, the institutional environment of the oil and gas infrastructure industry was characterized, to this, the context in which the organizations operated was analyzed considering historical, political and economic aspects that facilitated the grown and the institutionalization of the "modus operandi" of the companies, for example, the contributions of the controls and accounting practices to the credible and organization of the illegalities. After, small fragments of the transcripts were classified into categories pre-established, depending on its relationship with institutional factors and predictors: (i) Cause: Legitimacy and Efficiency, (ii) Constituents:Multiplicity and Dependence, (iii) Content: Consistency and Constraint, (iv) Control: Coercion and Diffusion, (v) Context: Uncertainty and Interconnectedness. The process of codified, based in content analysis methodology, according Bardin (2016), was realized to each deponent individually and after were grouped by company and predictive factor, which made it possible to identify the strategic responses of each company in face of the institutional pressures to which they were exposed. As a result of the analyzes, emerged differents strategic responses between the companies of the cartel, despite belonging the same organizational field, what is considered an innovation, because institutional theory and Oliver's (1991) model predict, the predominance of similar-mimetic behaviors in environments dominated by institutionalized practices. However, in this case, corporate illegalities, which need secrecy to progress, as (Gabbionetta, 2013; Neu, 2013; Gendron, 2017) were systematized, despite of adoption of similar behavior or conformity of the agents involved. The dominant strategic responses were as follows: CNO - manipulate, CAG - compromise and avoid, CCC - compromise e OAS - defy and acquiesce. Additionally, to the join strategic responses of companies in this organizational field revealed in this analysis of the case, no response predicted in the model was observed.
 
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Publishing Date
2023-01-23
 
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