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Doctoral Thesis
DOI
https://doi.org/10.11606/T.96.2022.tde-03102022-111116
Document
Author
Full name
Alexandre José Negrini de Mattos
E-mail
Institute/School/College
Knowledge Area
Date of Defense
Published
Ribeirão Preto, 2022
Supervisor
Committee
Rezende, Amaury José (President)
Amorim, Wilson Aparecido Costa de
Cardoso, Jair Aparecido
Formigoni, Henrique
Júnior, Roberto Biava
Silva, José Marcos da
Title in Portuguese
Ontologia das provisões tributárias e trabalhistas
Keywords in Portuguese
Litígios
Peer effects
Provisões e passivos contingentes tributárias e trabalhistas
Teoria da informação
Utilidade esperada
Abstract in Portuguese
Partindo da premissa de que as provisões litigiosas envolvem a existência de uma obrigação mensurável (materializada em um processo), com probabilidade maior de perda do que de ganho, conforme estimativas determinadas pelo julgamento da administração, o estudo investiga a origem e causas das provisões e passivos contingentes tributárias e trabalhistas. A pesquisa é dividida em quatro capítulos interligados, por meio dos quais são analisados fatores internos e externos causadores de processos e decisões nas esferas administrativa e judicial, buscando demonstrar que o problema das provisões transcende as discussões sobre os critérios de reconhecimento, mensuração e divulgação. Para análise das hipóteses, foram utilizados dados públicos sobre demissões e de tribunais administrativos e judiciais e dados de empresas brasileiras de capital fechado. As análises realizadas contemplam o uso de técnicas estatísticas para avaliação das hipóteses estabelecidas (regressão, correlação e análise de clusters). No primeiro capítulo, foi avaliado se as demissões originam processos trabalhistas e se os processos trabalhistas possuem relação com as provisões. Constatou-se que uma quantidade significativa dos demitidos ajuízam processos trabalhistas, decorrente da relação de custo e benefício dessa estratégia. Além disso, constatou-se que os processos novos explicam parte das provisões contabilizadas. No segundo capítulo, investigou-se o comportamento das decisões de juízes trabalhistas de primeira instância (vinculados ao mesmo tribunal), sob a hipótese de que julgadores compartilham padrões decisórios preestabelecidos. As análises empíricas constataram a existência de 14 padrões decisórios, com prevalência de 3 deles, possibilitando antever o resultado de processos. No terceiro capítulo, investigou-se a relação entre taxa de juros e processos tributários, com base na premissa de que, com a demora dos julgamentos, maiores taxas de juros viabilizam economicamente o contencioso tributário. Identificou-se que em 3 Estados (dos 4 pesquisados), houve o aumento no volume de processos em períodos com maiores taxas de juros. No quarto e último capítulo, investigou-se se maior volume de processos administrativos tributários de menor valor implica em decisões mais redundantes. Constatou-se que a sobrecarga do tribunal (volume de processos) tende a produzir decisões redundantes e previsíveis, alinhadas aos interesses do Fisco. A pesquisa fornece elementos para um melhor entendimento e estimativa das provisões e dos passivos contingentes, cuja subestimação ou superavaliação pode impactar níveis de lucratividade, custo de capital, custos reputacionais e a própria continuidade dos negócios.
Title in English
Tax and labor provisions' ontology
Keywords in English
Expected utility
Information theory
Litigation
Peer effects
Provisions and contingent liabilities
Abstract in English
Assuming that litigation provisions involve the existence of a mensurable obligation (materialized in a lawsuit) with a greater probability of loss than gain, according to estimates determined by management's judgment, the study investigates the origins and causes of the tax and labor provisions and contingent liabilities. The research is divided into four interconnected chapters, through which internal and external factors causing processes and decisions in the administrative and judicial spheres are analyzed aiming to demonstrate that the problem of provisions and contingent liabilities transcends discussions regarding recognition, measurement and disclosure. To analyze the established hypotheses, public data regarding to dismissals, decisions from administrative and judicial courts and data from privately-held Brazilian companies were used. The analyzes carried out include the use of statistical techniques to evaluate the hypotheses (regression, correlation and clusters analysis). In the first chapter, it was evaluated whether dismissals give rise to labor lawsuits and whether the labor lawsuits are related to the labor provisions. It was found that a significant number of labor lawsuits by dismissed employees is due to the cost-benefit ratio of this strategy. In addition, it was found that the new lawsuits explain part of the labor provisions recorded. In the second chapter, the decisions of labor judges in the first instance (linked to the same court) were investigated, under the hypothesis that judges share pre-established decision patterns. Empirical analyzes found the existence of 14 decision-making patterns, with a prevalence of 3 of them, making it possible to predict the outcome of such labor lawsuits in advance. In the third chapter, the relationship between interest rate and tax proceedings was investigated, based on the premise that, combined with a long time to the judgment, higher interest rates make tax litigation economically feasible. It was identified that in 3 States (of the 4 surveyed) there was an increase in the volume of cases in periods with higher interest rates. In the fourth and final chapter, it was investigated whether a greater volume of administrative tax lawsuits involving lower amounts implies more redundant decisions. It was found that an overloaded court (volume of cases) tend to produce redundant and predictable decisions, aligned with the interests of the tax authorities. The research provides elements for a better understanding and estimation of provisions and contingent liabilities, whose underestimation or overestimation can impact levels of profitability, cost of capital, reputational costs, and business continuity itself.
 
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Publishing Date
2022-10-04
 
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