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Doctoral Thesis
DOI
https://doi.org/10.11606/T.95.2023.tde-15062023-143118
Document
Author
Full name
Ana Carolina dos Santos Soares
E-mail
Institute/School/College
Knowledge Area
Date of Defense
Published
São Paulo, 2023
Supervisor
Committee
Setubal, João Carlos (President)
Gregoracci, Gustavo Bueno
Pellizari, Vivian Helena
Tschoeke, Diogo Antonio
Title in English
Sponge microbiomes from Great Amazon Reef System
Keywords in English
Marine sponge
Metagenomics
Microbial diversity
Microbiome
Abstract in English
The Great Amazon Reef System is located on the Brazilian continental shelf underneath the Amazon River plume. This environment has a benthic community mainly formed by sponges and calcareous algae. Sponges are the main members of the marine benthic community. Through filtration of large amounts of water, sponges are important links between the water column and benthic compartments. They are able to influence nutrient cycling by removal, processing and release of the filtered materials. Sponges are known to harbor a large abundance of microbes. The microbial abundance can be 3 to 4 orders of magnitude higher than the density in the surrounding water. Most of microorganisms associated with sponges are species specific. Among the functions of these microbial communities are those related to the symbiotic lifestyle, such as nutrient supply, degradation of complex carbohydrates, sponge skeletal stabilization, waste processing and production of secondary metabolites involved in sponge defense. Using a metagenomics approach, the main goal of this study is to evaluate the microbial diversity associated with sponges from the Amazon Reef System in terms of taxonomy, genomic and functional metabolism. A total of 236131258 good quality paired-end sequences were generated for 37 metagenomes from 20 sponge species. Taxonomic assignments showed a higher contribution of Actinobacteria, Euryarchaeota, Chloroflexi and Planctomycetes, besides the classes Betaproteobacteria and Deltaproteobacteria. This taxonomic profile was distinct between the sponges and surrounding water, showing that sponges harbour their own unique microbial community. From the metagenome data we obtained 115 metagenome-assembled genomes, revealing new species of bacteria and archaea. The sponge microbiome also showed an enrichment of genes related to carbon, nitrogen and sulfur metabolism. These results bring new knowledge about marine sponge microbial symbionts.
Title in Portuguese
Microbiomas de esponjas do Sistema Recifal Amazônico
Keywords in Portuguese
Diversidade microbiana
Esponjas marinhas
Metagenômica
Microbioma
Abstract in Portuguese
O Sistema Recifal Amazônico está localizado na Plataforma Continental Amazônica, embaixo da pluma do rio Amazonas. Este ambiente é formado principalmente por esponjas e algas calcárias. Esponjas são os principais membros da comunidade bentônica marinha. Através da filtração de grandes quantidades de água, exercem um papel importante na conexão entre o compartimento pelágico e bêntico. Além disso, são capazes de influenciar na ciclagem de nutrientes pela remoção, processamento e liberação do filtrado. Esponjas também são conhecidas por abrigar uma grande quantidade de microrganismos, no qual a abundância pode ser até 3 a 4 ordens de grandeza maior que a da água do entorno. Muitas funções estão relacionadas a estes simbiontes, como suprimento de nutrientes, estabilização do esqueleto da esponja, síntese e processamento de metabólitos secundários, que estão envolvidos na defesa das esponjas. Através de uma abordagem ômicas, o principal objetivo deste estudo é analisar o microbioma de esponjas do Sistema Recifal Amazônico, em termos taxonômicos, genômicos, funcionais e comparativos. Um total de 236.131.258 sequências de boa qualidade foram geradas para 37 metagenomas de 20 espécies de esponjas. A análise taxonômica mostrou que a comunidade microbiana apresenta uma alta abundância dos filos Actinobacteria, Euryarchaeota, Chloroflexi e Planctomycetes, além das classes Betaproteobacteria and Deltaproteobacteria. O perfil do microbioma das esponjas também foi distinto do microbioma da água do entorno, demonstrando que esponjas possuem uma microbiota própria, corroborando a literatura. Além disso, foram recuperados 115 genomas dos metagenomas, revelando novas espécies de bactérias e arquéias. A análise funcional indicou um enriquecimento dos genes relacionados aos metabolismos de carbono, nitrogênio e enxofre. Estes resultados revelam um novo conhecimento sobre os microrganismos simbiontes de esponjas.
 
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Publishing Date
2023-07-19
 
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