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Doctoral Thesis
DOI
https://doi.org/10.11606/T.9.2021.tde-05082021-094821
Document
Author
Full name
Maysa Braga Barros Silva
E-mail
Institute/School/College
Knowledge Area
Date of Defense
Published
São Paulo, 2021
Supervisor
Committee
Campa, Ana (President)
Hatanaka, Elaine
Engler, Silvya Stuchi Maria
Maria, Durvanei Augusto
Title in Portuguese
Integração metabólica no microambiente tumoral: metabolismo energético versus metabolismo do triptofano
Keywords in Portuguese
Câncer
Melanócito
Melanoma
Metabolismo
Triptofano
Abstract in Portuguese
A reprogramação metabólica e a indução do catabolismo de aminoácidos são essenciais para a progressão e regulação imunológica no câncer. Dentre os aminoácidos, o triptofano (Trp), possui estreita relação com um dos principais mecanismos de imunoescape e progressão tumoral, através do aumento da produção de quinurenina (KYN) proveniente da metabolização do Trp catalisada pela enzima indoleamina 2,3-dioxigenase (IDO). Apesar da importância do metabolismo do Trp e do metabolismo energético no câncer, até então, não existiam estudos que se dedicassem à integração dessas vias. Assim, o objetivo desse trabalho foi investigar a regulação cruzada entre essas vias. Para isso utilizamos culturas de células normais (melanócitos) e uma linhagem tumoral (melanoma A375). Após adição de KYN e metabólitos da via KYN nos melanomas houve aumento da concentração do oncometabólito 2-hidroxiglutarato (2-HG) e de succinato e fumarato, que quando em excesso, também são considerados oncometabólitos. Glutamato, substrato anaplerótico preferido dos tumores, e aspartato, usado para a biossíntese de nucleotídeos, também tiveram concentrações aumentadas. Além disso, KYN aumentou as taxas de consumo de oxigênio, a acidificação do meio e a proliferação celular. Os efeitos de KYN e seus metabólitos sobre o metabolismo se estendem às células do microambiente, pois há uma intensificação da via glicolítica com produção de lactato nos melanócitos. Essas alterações metabólicas indicam que a formação de metabólitos da via KYN no microambiente tumoral causam mudanças metabólicas que potencializam o fenótipo tumoral trazendo vantagens para o tumor. Enquanto que, metabólitos da via serotoninérgica, especialmente serotonina (SER), apresentaram efeitos opostos. Aqui neste estudo, expandimos o conhecimento de como o metabolismo do Trp está intimamente ligado com a progressão do câncer, e acrescenta a ideia promissora de desviar a metabolização do Trp para outras vias competitivas à via KYN como estratégia para tratamento de neoplasias.
Title in English
Metabolic integration in the tumor microenvironment: energy metabolism versus tryptophan metabolism
Keywords in English
Cancer
Melanocyte
Melanoma
Metabolism
Tryptophan
Abstract in English
Metabolic reprogramming and induction of amino acid catabolism are essential for the progression and immune regulation in cancer. Among the amino acids, tryptophan (Trp), has a narrow relation with one of the main mechanisms of immune escape and tumor progression, by increasing kynurenine (KYN) production from the metabolism of Trp catalyzed by the enzyme indoleamine 2,3-dioxigenase (IDO). Despite the importance of Trp metabolism and energy metabolism in cancer, until then, there were no studies dedicated to the integration of these pathways. Thus, the objective of this work was to investigate the crosstalking between these pathways. For this, we used cultures of normal cells (melanocytes) and a tumor line (melanoma A375). After KYN and KYN metabolites addition in melanomas, there was an increase in the concentration of the oncometabolite 2-hydroxyglutarate (2-HG) and succinate and fumarate, that when in excess, they are also considered oncometabolites. Glutamate, the preferred anaplerotic substrate for tumors, and aspartate, used for nucleotide biosynthesis, also had increased concentrations. In addition, KYN increased rates of oxygen consumption, acidification of the medium and cell proliferation. The effects of KYN and its metabolites on metabolism extend to the cells of the microenvironment, because there is an intensification of the glycolytic pathway with lactate production in the melanocytes. These metabolic changes indicate that the formation of KYN metabolites in the tumor microenvironment cause metabolic changes that potentiate the tumor phenotype bringing advantages to the tumor. Whereas, metabolites of the serotoninergic pathway, especially serotonin (SER), had opposite effects. Here in this study, we expanded the knowledge of how Trp's metabolism is closely linked to cancer progression, and adds the promising idea of divert the metabolism of Trp to other competitive pathways via the KYN pathway as a strategy for the treatment of neoplasms.
 
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Publishing Date
2021-08-13
 
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