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Doctoral Thesis
DOI
https://doi.org/10.11606/T.9.2023.tde-18082023-121651
Document
Author
Full name
Luccas Missfeldt Sanches
E-mail
Institute/School/College
Knowledge Area
Date of Defense
Published
São Paulo, 2023
Supervisor
Committee
Ferreira, Elizabeth Igne (President)
Giarolla, Jeanine
Primi, Marina Candido
Santos, Alcindo Aparecido Benito dos
Title in Portuguese
Antimaláricos potencialmente ativos em resistência: planejamento e síntese de dendrons e dendrímeros dirigidos a eritrócitos infectados
Keywords in Portuguese
Dendrímeros
Direcionamento de fármacos
Heparina
Plasmodium
Pró-fármacos
Abstract in Portuguese
A malária é uma doença potencialmente fatal causada por protozoários do gênero Plasmodium e que atinge eritrócitos. Em diversas regiões do mundo, relata-se o aparecimento de resistência dos parasitas aos principais fármacos utilizados em seu tratamento, o que levou ao aumento na mortalidade da doença. Terapias de combinação de artemisinina (TCAs) possuem forte recomendação pela World Health Organization (WHO) para o tratamento da malária, inclusive em caso de resistência. Heparina e seus derivados podem se ligar a eritrócitos infectados por Plasmodium falciparum, tornando-os viáveis para o direcionamento de fármacos e consequentemente podendo aumentar a quantidade de um produto terapêutico na região afetada. Nesse sentido, dendrímeros, que são transportadores viáveis de fármacos, ao poderem ultrapassar diferentes barreiras do organismo, são uma plataforma interessante para a construção de estruturas direcionadas por derivados de heparina a eritrócitos infectados e capazes de carregar TCAs. Tais características poderiam aumentar a eficácia terapêutica, seletividade e auxiliar no combate à resistência do Plasmodium a fármacos. O presente trabalho relata as etapas sintéticas realizadas para a obtenção destes dendrímeros direcionados, a avaliação de eficácia, toxicidade, solubilidade, permeabilidade e clearance de compostos potencialmente ativos ligados a espaçantes, além de uma nova rota sintética para a obtenção de TCAs direcionadas por heparina a eritrócitos infectados. Por fim, também são relatados ensaios computacionais para avaliar se derivados de heparina poderiam ser utilizados no direcionamento a eritrócitos infectados por P. vivax.
Title in English
Antimalarial potentially active against resistance: design and synthesis of dendrons and dendrimers directed to infected erythrocytes
Keywords in English
Dendrimers
Drug targeting
Heparin
Plasmodium
Prodrugs
Abstract in English
Malaria is a potentially fatal disease caused by protozoa of the genus Plasmodium which affects erythrocytes. In several regions of the world, parasites resistant to the most used drugs are reported, leading to an increase in disease mortality. Artemisinin combination therapies (ACTs) are strongly recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO) for malaria treatment, even in cases of resistance. Heparin and its derivatives can bind to Plasmodium falciparum infected erythrocytes, which make them viable directing groups for drug targeting, a strategy that can increase the quantity of active compounds in the disease affected region. In this context, dendrimers are viable drug carriers that are able to cross different barriers and they are an interesting platform for building structures directed to infected erythrocytes by heparin derivatives and able to carry ACTs. These structures could increase the therapeutic efficacy, selectivity and aid the control of Plasmodium drug resistance. The work presented in this thesis shows synthetic efforts to obtain these directed dendrimers, the evaluation of efficacy, toxicity, solubility, permeability and clearance of potentially active compounds covalently bound to linkers and a new synthetic route for building ACTs directed by heparin derivatives to infected erythrocytes. A computational work is also presented to evaluate if heparin derivatives could be used as directing groups for P. vivax infected erythrocytes.
 
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Publishing Date
2023-08-31
 
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