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Master's Dissertation
DOI
https://doi.org/10.11606/D.9.2013.tde-03052013-143917
Document
Author
Full name
Eduardo Lima Nolasco
E-mail
Institute/School/College
Knowledge Area
Date of Defense
Published
São Paulo, 2013
Supervisor
Committee
Martins, Joilson de Oliveira (President)
Akamine, Eliana Hiromi
Fernandes, Pedro Augusto Carlos Magno
Title in Portuguese
Estudo da sepse experimental em animais diabéticos e sadios, tratados ou não com insulina
Keywords in Portuguese
CLP
Diabetes
Inflamação
Insulina
Sepse
Abstract in Portuguese
Sepse e choque séptico são causas frequentes de morte nas unidades de terapia intensiva, sendo responsável pelo alto custo global de internação, segundo DATA-SUS. Sabendo-se que o paciente diabético apresenta um maior risco de infecção e que 22% dos indivíduos com sepse apresentam diabetes, é de extrema importância o melhor entendimento da sua fisiopatologia no paciente diabético para que medidas intervencionistas sejam desenvolvidas, preservando vidas. O projeto buscou avaliar a sepse experimentalmente através do modelo de ligadura e perfuração do ceco (CLP - 2 perfurações) em ratos Wistar machos sadios e tornados diabéticos através da injeção endovenosa de aloxana (42 mg/kg, i.v., 10 dias). Além disso, buscamos avaliar se o tratamento com insulina alteraria as variáveis escolhidas. O trabalho avaliou parâmetros hematológicos e bioquímicos como uréia, creatinina, alanina aminotransferase (ALT), aspartato aminotransferase (AST) e fosfatase alcalina (FAL). Após 6 horas da realização da CLP foram coletados lavados broncoalveolares (LBA) e peritoneal (LPe) com o objetivo de estudar o perfil de citocinas através da dosagem das interleucinas (IL)-1β, IL-6, IL-10, fator de necrose tumoral (TNF)-α e cytokine-induced neutrophill chemoattractant (CINC)-1 e CINC-2, celularidade total e específica. Rim, pulmão e fígado foram coletados para análises morfológicas e da atividade da mieloperoxidase (MPO). Após 6 horas de CLP observamos que a hematimetria, hemoglobina, plaquetometria e celularidade do LBA não sofreram alterações nem após o tratamento com insulina. A sepse provocou diminuição da leucometria total nos animais diabéticos e controles, aumento da celularidade total do LPe com um predomínio de polimorfonucleares, que foi semelhante em ambos os grupos; aumento da concentração no LPe de IL-1β, IL-6, CINC-1, CINC-2 e IL-10; as concentrações do TNF-α permaneceram idênticas em ambos os grupos. Em relação aos marcadores hepáticos, foram observados que os animais diabéticos possuem os maiores valores de ALT, AST e FAL em relação ao grupo controle e já apresentavam uma disfunção morfológica de hepatócitos, porém, sem infiltrado neutrofílico. O tratamento com insulina reduziu os valores dessas enzimas em níveis próximos aos do controle. Dos marcadores renais, apenas a uréia sofreu aumento significativo nos animais diabéticos em relação aos controles, sendo exacerbada pela CLP. Alterações glomerulares, como capilares dilatados e redução do espaço de Bowman foram observadas nos animais com sepse, os quais não sofreram influência após o tratamento com insulina. Estes dados sugerem que a insulina teve um efeito hepato-protetor e que o padrão causado pela sepse nos animais controles e diabéticos não foi modificado pelo tratamento com insulina.
Title in English
Study of experimental sepsis in diabetic and healthy rats, treated or not with insulin.
Keywords in English
CLP
Diabetes
Inflammation
Insulin
Sepsis
Abstract in English
Sepsis and septic shock are common cause of death in intensive care units (ICU) and according to Brazilian DATA-SUS is one of the major causes of high cost hospitalization. Since diabetic patients have a higher risk of infection and represent approximately 22% of all the septic individuals, it is extremely important to understand the pathophysiology of sepsis in diabetic patients in order to develop interventional measure. The objective of this study is to evaluate the experimental sepsis model by cecal ligation and puncture (CLP 2 punctures) in Wistar healthy males rendered diabetic by intravenous injection of alloxan (42 mg/kg, i.v., 10 days). The study analyzed hematological and biochemical parameters such as urea, creatinine, alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP). Furthermore, we studied how insulin treatment could modulate these parameters. After 6 hours of CLP bronchoalveolar (BAL) and peritoneal lavages (PeL) were collected and a cytokine profile was accessed: interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, IL-10, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, cytokine-induced neutrophill chemoattractant (CINC)-1, CINC-2. Samples from kidney, lung and liver were collected for morphological analysis and for the measurement of myeloperoxidase activity (MPO). After 6 hours of CLP, red blood cell count, hemoglobin, platelet count, cytokine profile and cellularity of the BAL did not change. In addition, insulin treatment did not change these parameters. CLP caused a decrease in total leukocyte count in both groups diabetic and control rats. Moreover, this model induced a rise in total PeL cellularity with a predominance of polymorfonuclear cells, which was similar in both groups control and diabetic rats. In the PeL, proinflammatory cytokines such as IL-1β, IL-6, CINC-1, CINC-2 and the antinflammatory cytokine IL-10 were enhanced. The TNF-α concentrations remained similar in both groups. Hepatic markers inferring in hepatocyte dysfunction were higher in the diabetes-induced animals what was in part restored after insulin administration. Regarding renal markers, only urea levels were enhanced in diabetic rats and worsened after CLP induction. Morphological changes, such as capillary dilatation and reduced Bowman space was already observed in the kidney of animals with sepsis, insulin treatment did not corrected the values. These data suggest that insulin had a hepato-protective effect but further changes were not observed after insulin treatment.
 
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Publishing Date
2013-09-25
 
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