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Master's Dissertation
DOI
https://doi.org/10.11606/D.87.2020.tde-06092023-125614
Document
Author
Full name
Aparecida Joana Moreto
Institute/School/College
Knowledge Area
Date of Defense
Published
São Paulo, 2020
Supervisor
Committee
Blazquez, Francisco Javier Hernandez (President)
Aloia, Thiago Pinheiro Arrais
Campos, Vânia Pais Cabral Castelo
Silva, Jose Roberto Machado Cunha da
Title in Portuguese
Expressão de proteínas de proliferação e apoptose nos eventos fisiológicos e patológicos do epitélio aglandular da mucosa gástrica de equinos
Keywords in Portuguese
Cavalo
Margem pregueada
Morte celular
Proliferação
Úlcera gástrica
Abstract in Portuguese
A úlcera gástrica é uma doença prevalente entre os equinos e está relacionada ao desequilíbrio entre os fatores protetores e lesivos intrínsecos que alteram os mecanismos de defesa da mucosa gástrica, resultando em lesões que podem evoluir para úlceras na região aglandular (80%) ou glandular (20%). Etiologicamente, o estresse, a rotina nutricional, agente infeccioso, tratamento prolongado com anti-inflamatórios não esteroidais e atividade física intensa são os principais fatores apontados como causadores de úlcera em equino. A manutenção da integridade do epitélio ocorre por um complexo processo mediado principalmente pelos fatores de crescimento, de transcrição e citocinas que estimulam a re-epitelização, angiogênese, proliferação e migração das células precursoras (células-tronco) que se dirigem para margem da úlcera no tecido de granulação e cobrem o leito da lesão. Sob o prisma da apoptose, a via mitocondrial é a mais frequente e pode ser induzida ou inibida por estímulos intracelulares, controlados pela família de proteína Bcl-2, que por sua vez ativa caspases efetoras que iniciam e propagam a cascata apoptótica. O reconhecimento das taxas de proliferação e de apoptose (via intracelular) entre os distintos tipos celulares torna-se primordial para o entendimento morfofuncional da manutenção da integridade do epitélio aglandular da mucosa gástrica de equinos. Assim, almeja-se avaliar o mecanismo de desenvolvimento de úlceras gástricas na mucosa aglandular de estômago de equinos, próximo à margem pregueada por meio da análise das taxas de morte (por apoptose) e proliferação celular no epitélio dessa região. Então, foi feito (por meio de imuno-histoquímica) a análise da taxa de proliferação (utilizando anticorpo anti-PCNA), taxa de inibição de apoptose (utilizando anticorpo anti-BCL-2) e taxa de apoptose (utilizando anticorpo anti-caspase-3) de amostras provenientes da região aglandular do estômago de 5 cavalos. As taxas médias de proliferação pela PCNA para as amostras hígidas e ulceradas foram, respectivamente, 55,52% e 62,72% (p = 0,001) indicando um aumento de 7,2% nas amostras ulceradas. A taxa média de inibição de morte celular (células Bcl-2 positiva) para as amostras hígidas e ulceradas foram, respectivamente, 53,92% e 58,75% (p = 0,001) indicando um aumento de 4,8% nas amostras ulceradas. A taxa média de apoptose pela Caspase-3 para as amostras hígidas e ulceradas foram, respectivamente, 72,54% e 68,02% (p = 0,001) indicando um aumento de 4,52% nas amostras hígidas. Estes dados sugerem que a principal causa de morte celular durante a formação da úlcera não é devido ao aumento da apoptose e que a apoptose pode ser um mecanismo de defesa do tecido. Portanto, ocorreu aumento na proliferação celular nas amostras com lesões erosivas na mucosa aglandular do estômago de equinos para a correção da lesão devido ao aumento da morte. As causas da formação das lesões ulcerativas não estão relacionadas com apoptose. Além disso, o aumento da inibição da apoptose ocorreu como meio de diminuir a perda celular por apoptose na área lesionada.
Title in English
Proliferation of protein expression and apoptosis in the event of physiological and pathological non-glandular epithelium of gastric mucosa of horses.
Keywords in English
Cell death
Gastric ulcer
Horse
Margus plicatus
Proliferation
Abstract in English
The gastric ulcer is a horse prevalent disease that is related to the imbalance between the intrinsic protective and harmful factors that alter the defense mechanisms of the gastric mucosa, resulting in injuries that can develop into ulcers in the non-glandular region (80%) or glandular (20%). Etiologically, the stress, nutritional habit, bacterial infection, high intensity of physical activity and using of anti-inflammatory non-steroidal are pointed to cause gastric ulcer in horses. Maintaining the integrity of the gastric epithelium occur by complex process mediated by growth factor, transcription factor and cytokine that stimulate re-epithelialization, angiogenesis, proliferation, and migration of precursor cells (stem cells) that go to the margin of the ulcer in the granulation tissue and cover the lesion bed. From the perspective of apoptosis, mitochondrial pathway is the most frequent, and can be induced or inhibited by intracellular stimuli, controlled by Bcl-2 protein family, which in turn activates effector caspases that initiate and propagate the apoptotic cascade. The recognition of proliferation and apoptotic rates (intracellularly) between the different cell types becomes paramount to understanding the morpho-functional non-glandular maintaining the integrity of the gastric mucosal epithelium of horses. Thus, the present study aims to evaluate the mechanism of development of gastric ulcers in equine non-glandular squamous mucosa, near to the margo plicatus by analyzing death rates (by apoptosis) and cell proliferation in the epithelium of this region. Then, it was investigated proliferation rate (using anti-PCNA antibody), apoptosis inhibition rate (using anti-BCL-2 antibody) and apoptosis rate (using anti-caspase antibody). This study was performed to samples of non-glandular squamous mucosa from 5 equines non-glandular. The mean of proliferation rate (PCNA) for healthy and ulcerated samples were, respectively, 55.52% and 62.72% (p = 0.001), an increase of 7.2% in the ulcerated samples; The mean inhibition of cell death rate (positive Bcl-2 cells) for healthy and ulcerated samples were, respectively, 53.92% and 58.75% (p = 0.001) showing an increment of 4.8% in healthy ulcerated samples; The mean of apoptosis rate (Caspase-3) for healthy and ulcerated samples were, respectively, 72.54% and 68.02% (p = 0.001), an increment of 4.52% in the healthy samples. It suggests that the principal reason of cells death during ulcer development in horse is not due to apoptosis and the apoptosis death can be a defense mechanism to gastric non-glandular. Therefore, Therefore, there was an increase in cellular proliferation in erosive lesioned samples from non-glandular mucosa of the equine stomach to correct the injury due to increased death. The cellular death rate was increased in equine gastric disease due to non-apoptotic death increment, and this result in development of ulcer lesion; The cell death inhibition was increased in ulcer samples as a way to decrease the number of cells lost by apoptosis in lesion areas.
 
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Release Date
2025-09-05
Publishing Date
2023-09-12
 
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