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Doctoral Thesis
DOI
https://doi.org/10.11606/T.86.2013.tde-13062014-133458
Document
Author
Full name
Rodrigo Luiz Guarnetti
E-mail
Institute/School/College
Knowledge Area
Date of Defense
Published
São Paulo, 2013
Supervisor
Committee
Coelho, Suani Teixeira (President)
Burani, Geraldo Francisco
Matai, Patricia Helena Lara dos Santos
Pereira, Marco Antonio dos Reis
Pereira, Osvaldo Livio Soliano
Title in Portuguese
Cogeração de Eletricidade Utilizando Bambu no Brasil: Aspectos Técnicos Econômicos e Ambientais
Keywords in Portuguese
Bambu
Biomassa. Energia
Cogeracao
Eletricidade.
Abstract in Portuguese
O bambu e uma graminea lenhosa, renovavel, perene e com boa produtividade de biomassa por hectare. Pode ser cultivada praticamente em todo o territorio brasileiro, que esta quase todo localizado em regioes tropicais e chuvosas, oferecendo excelentes condicoes para a producao e o uso energetico da biomassa de bambu em larga escala. O setor de papel e celulose apresenta boas perspectivas na producao de papel de fibras longas utilizando bambu, no entanto, apenas duas empresas brasileiras utilizam esse tipo de biomassa em grande escala no Brasil: O Grupo Penha queima o bambu em caldeira e utiliza o vapor no processo de reciclagem de papel e O Grupo Joao Santos utiliza a biomassa como materia prima na fabricacao de papel e celulose. No entanto, em ambos os casos a biomassa nao e utilizada em sistema de cogeracao de eletricidade, considerada uma tecnologia eficiente de conversao. O objetivo dessa tese e estudar os aspetos tecnicos, economicos e ambientais da implantacao de um sistema de cogeracao de eletricidade utilizando biomassa de bambu. Sao estudadas as caracteristicas agronomicas e as particularidades da implantacao de cultivos comerciais de bambu voltado a fins energeticos. Visando determinar o Poder Calorifico (PCS) de cinco diferentes especies consideradas adaptadas ao clima brasileiro e conhecidas como boas produtoras de biomassa por hectare, foram realizado ensaios em laboratorio empregando a bomba calorimetrica, possibilitando identificar variacoes do poder calorifico entre as especies estudadas. Considerando o dado referente aos processos das empresas e pesquisa em literatura, os resultados apontam que e tecnicamente possivel cogerar eletricidade de modo eficiente, queimando 17 toneladas de bambu por hora e gerar 3.5 MW. No entanto, o sistema nao apresenta viabilidade economica em funcao do modelo de atual adotado pelas empresas no manejo de seus cultivos. Em relacao aos aspectos ambientais, por ser uma planta perene, capaz de produzir biomassa anualmente sem replantio, pode ser uma excelente opcao para estocar carbono.
Title in English
Bamboo is a grass, woody perennial with good biomass productivity per hectare. Bamboo can be grown virtually anywhere in the Brazilian territory and almost all existing plantations are located in tropical and rainy areas, offering excellent conditions for the production and use of biomass energy in large scale. Two Brazilian companies already utilize bamboo biomass in large scale in Brazil. The Penha Group, in Bahia, burns bamboo in boilers and uses the steam in the process for recycling paper. Joao Santos Group uses bamboo as raw material in the manufacture of pulp and paper. However in any case there is the use of this biomass for energy cogeneration, which is the most efficient technology for energy conversion. Therefore, this thesis analyses the use of bamboo as fuel for electricity cogeneration in Brazil considering the technical aspects, as well as the corresponding economic and environmental system deployment. Also, to study the development of the productive chain of bamboo in large scale in Brazil, specifically targeted for energy purposes, this paper presents the survey of data concerning the different production systems adopted by companies, both in the cultivation and processing of biomass. Based in these results it is analyzed an efficient cogeneration system using bamboo as fuel on large scale. Obtained results show that the power to be produced in an efficient cogeneration system (60 bar, 490 oC), from 17 tones of bamboo per hour, is 3,5 MW but, with the existing bamboo production models, there is no economic feasibility, as discussed in the paper. Regarding environmental aspects, it must be noted that the bamboo is as perennial plant, able to produce biomass annually without replanting, and so appears to be an excellent carbon sink.
Keywords in English
Bamboo
Biomass
Cogeneration
Electricity.
Energy
Abstract in English
Bamboo is a grass, woody perennial with good biomass productivity per hectare. Bamboo can be grown virtually anywhere in the Brazilian territory and almost all existing plantations are located in tropical and rainy areas, offering excellent conditions for the production and use of biomass energy in large scale. Two Brazilian companies already utilize bamboo biomass in large scale in Brazil. The Penha Group, in Bahia, burns bamboo in boilers and uses the steam in the process for recycling paper. Joao Santos Group uses bamboo as raw material in the manufacture of pulp and paper. However in any case there is the use of this biomass for energy cogeneration, which is the most efficient technology for energy conversion. Therefore, this thesis analyses the use of bamboo as fuel for electricity cogeneration in Brazil considering the technical aspects, as well as the corresponding economic and environmental system deployment. Also, to study the development of the productive chain of bamboo in large scale in Brazil, specifically targeted for energy purposes, this paper presents the survey of data concerning the different production systems adopted by companies, both in the cultivation and processing of biomass. Based in these results it is analyzed an efficient cogeneration system using bamboo as fuel on large scale. Obtained results show that the power to be produced in an efficient cogeneration system (60 bar, 490 oC), from 17 tones of bamboo per hour, is 3,5 MW but, with the existing bamboo production models, there is no economic feasibility, as discussed in the paper. Regarding environmental aspects, it must be noted that the bamboo is as perennial plant, able to produce biomass annually without replanting, and so appears to be an excellent carbon sink.
 
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Publishing Date
2014-09-17
 
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