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Master's Dissertation
DOI
https://doi.org/10.11606/D.85.2013.tde-24102013-150643
Document
Author
Full name
Daiane Cristini Barbosa de Souza
E-mail
Institute/School/College
Knowledge Area
Date of Defense
Published
São Paulo, 2013
Supervisor
Committee
Vicente, Roberto (President)
Dellamano, José Claudio
Mourão, Rogério Pimenta
Title in Portuguese
Desenvolvimento de método para caracterização de embalados de rejeitos radioativos
Keywords in Portuguese
caracterização
Point Kernel
rejeitos radioativos
Abstract in Portuguese
Atualmente, a caracterização dos resíduos radioativos gerados na operação do reator nuclear de pesquisas IEA-R1 está em curso. O reator IEA-R1 é um reator do tipo piscina aberta, moderado e refrigerado por água leve, utilizando dois leitos de resinas de troca iônica e de carvão ativado para purificação de água de refrigeração. Estes meios filtrantes são substituídos quando já não são capazes de manter a qualidade da água dentro dos limites exigidos e são tratados como rejeitos radioativos. Contendo produtos de fissão, ativação e actinídeos que escapam do núcleo do reator para a água da piscina, apresentam altas taxas de dose devido à quantidade de emissores gama de meias-vidas curtas e intermediárias, emissores alfa, elementos transurânicos de meia-vida longa bem como emissores beta puros. A caracterização destes rejeitos, consequentemente, requer métodos de análise radioquímica que incluem a amostragem e o processamento das amostras, resultando em doses elevadas para os trabalhadores. Nesse contexto, o objetivo deste trabalho consistiu em correlacionar os resultados das análises radioquímicas de amostras de rejeitos, com os resultados das medições radiométricas, utilizando a modelagem das taxas de dose em diferentes distâncias da superfície dos embalados. As taxas de dose medidas foram comparadas com os resultados de cálculos . Massa, volume e geometria das fases sólidas e líquidas de cada um dos tambores também foram determinadas, uma vez que o teor de água varia amplamente entre diferentes tambores, e são essenciais para estimar as atividades totais em cada tambor.
Title in English
Development of a method for the radioisotopic characterization of waste packages
Keywords in English
characterization
Point Kernel
radioactive waste
Abstract in English
The characterization of the radioactive wastes generated in the operation of the nuclear research reactor IEA-R1 is currently ongoing. The IEA-R1 is an open pool type reactor, moderated and cooled by light water that uses two beds of ion-exchange resins and activated charcoal to remove impurities from the cooling water. These filter media are replaced when they are no longer able to maintain water quality within the required limits and are treated as radioactive waste. They contain the actinides and the fission and activation products that leaked into the reactor pool water. They give off high dose rates due to the amount of gamma-emitters present and are a long-term radiation safety concern because of their content of long-lived alpha- and beta-emitters. The characterization of these wastes requires radiochemical analysis methods, which include the sampling and processing of samples, resulting in high exposure to the workers. The objective of this study was to correlate the results of activity concentrations obtained in previous radiochemical analyses with the results of measurements of dose rates at various distances from the package surfaces, aiming at reducing the exposure of personnel by avoiding more sampling and sample analysis operations. Mass, volume and geometry of solid and liquid phases of each drum, which vary widely among different drums, were also estimated and use to determine total activity. The measured and calculated dose rates were compared to confirm the activity estimates.
 
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Publishing Date
2013-11-13
 
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