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Master's Dissertation
DOI
https://doi.org/10.11606/D.85.2021.tde-16072021-134636
Document
Author
Full name
Lilian Letícia Nieri Madi
E-mail
Institute/School/College
Knowledge Area
Date of Defense
Published
São Paulo, 2021
Supervisor
Committee
Sordi, Gian Maria Agostino Angelo (President)
Araujo, Edmir Netto de
Poli, Dora de Castro Rubio
Title in Portuguese
Responsabilidade por danos causados ao meio ambiente por atividades com materiais nucleares
Keywords in Portuguese
legislação ambiental e nuclear brasileira
responsabilidade civil e objetiva do Estado
Abstract in Portuguese
Hoje em dia muito se discute sobre questões relacionadas à preservação do meio ambiente, o que pode ser feito para melhorá-lo, o que deve ser evitado. Nessa discussão surge a questão do potencial da energia nuclear. Um deles é o potencial de geração de energia elétrica, mais barata e com menor impacto ao meio ambiente. No entanto, muito já foi visto no mundo a respeito dos danos que podem resultar de um acidente em usinas nucleares. Em caso de acidente que cause dano efetivo, seja ao meio ambiente ou à população, tanto as normas brasileiras quanto as estrangeiras preveem responsabilidade pela reparação. A Constituição Federal de 1988 determina a competência da União para explorar serviços e instalações nucleares, sendo as atividades de monopólio do Estado as atividades relacionadas aos materiais nucleares e seus derivados. Além disso, a CF/88 atribuiu responsabilidade objetiva por dano nuclear. A Convenção de Viena sobre Responsabilidade Civil por Danos Nucleares, de 21 de maio de 1963, que foi promulgada no Brasil pelo Decreto nº 911/1993, prevê que o operador é responsável por danos nucleares, no caso do Brasil, o operador de uma usina nuclear é a entidade estatal (Autarquia Federal). Assim, em casos de dano nuclear, o Estado deve ser responsabilizado objetivamente. E aqui começam a surgir questões como: O Estado é sempre responsável? Existe alguma possibilidade de exclusão da responsabilidade do Estado? O presente trabalho analisou a Constituição Federal e as normas infraconstitucionais, correlacionando a legislação nuclear e ambiental, bem como doutrina sobre o tema, na tentativa de responder a essas e outras questões, sem, no entanto, pretender esgotar o assunto. Dessa análise pôde-se concluir que as normas ambientais não podem ser aplicadas aos danos causados por materiais nucleares e que seria conveniente que a matéria fosse regulamentada como um ramo autônomo do direito.
Title in English
Liability for damages caused to the environment by nuclear material activities
Keywords in English
Brazilian environmental and nuclear laws
civil and strict liability of the State
Abstract in English
Nowadays much is discussed about issues related to the preservation of the environment, what can be done to improve it, what should be avoided. In this discussion comes the question of the potential of nuclear energy. One of them is the potential for electric power generation, more cheaply and with less impact to the environment. However, much has already been seen in the world as regards damages that may result from an accident in nuclear power plants. In the event of an accident that causes effective damage, either to the environment or to the population, both the Brazilian and foreign standards as predict liability for remedying. The Brazilian Federal Constitution of 1988 determines the competence of the Union to operate nuclear services and installations, being State monopoly activities related to nuclear material and its derivatives. Besides that, FC/88 attributed liability strictu senso for nuclear damage. The Vienna Convention on Civil Liability for nuclear damage, dated May 21, 1963, which was promulgated in Brazil by Decree No. 911/1993, provides that the operator is responsible for nuclear damages, in the case of Brazil, the operator of a nuclear power plant is the State entity (Federal Autarchy). Thus, in cases of nuclear damage the State should be held liable objectively. And here issues begin to arise such as: Is the State always responsible? Is there any possibility of exclusion the State liability? The present work analyzed the Constitution text and the infra-constitutional rules, correlating the nuclear and environmental legislation, as well as doctrine on the subject, in an attempt to answer to these and other questions, without, however, intending to exhaust the subject. From this analysis, it was concluded that environmental standards cannot be applied to damage caused by nuclear materials and that it would be convenient for the matter to be regulated as an autonomous area of law.
 
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Publishing Date
2021-07-20
 
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