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Doctoral Thesis
DOI
https://doi.org/10.11606/T.85.2022.tde-10032023-141906
Document
Author
Full name
Indira Queiroz Macambira Bezerra
E-mail
Institute/School/College
Knowledge Area
Date of Defense
Published
São Paulo, 2022
Supervisor
Committee
Mastro, Nélida Lúcia Del (President)
Carvalho, Daniele Gomes
Karam Junior, Dib
Kühn, Vinicius de Oliveira
Title in Portuguese
Utilização de fibra do coco babaçu (Orbignia, sp) como componente de biomanta na proteção de taludes de solo
Keywords in Portuguese
erosão
fibra natural
geomanta
geotêxtil
Abstract in Portuguese
Uma grande preocupação mundial é a destinação de resíduos, mesmo que estes sejam naturais e degradáveis. A casca do coco babaçu, presente na região norte e nordeste do Brasil, é um exemplo de resíduo gerado pela extração do coco babaçu como o objetivo principal da extração das amêndoas. Assim, neste trabalho buscou-se uma destinação ao epicarpo do coco babaçu, que corresponde à 13 % do fruto. Foi implementado um geotêxtil natural, também denominado de biomanta, para proteção de taludes de solo. A biomanta foi produzida manualmente com a fibra do coco babaçu e protegida por tela de polipropileno biodegradável. A manta foi assentada em um talude natural de solo durante 2 meses, em período chuvoso na cidade de Araguaina-TO, Brasil. O talude foi dividido em blocos com proteção de manta mais grama e sem a proteção da biomanta mais grama, coletando a água e o solo carreados durante as chuvas neste período. Os resultados apontaram que nos blocos com a proteção da manta a água escoada da chuva foi 32% menor que nos blocos sem manta, e que o solo carreado pela chuva foi 80% menor nos blocos cobertos pela manta. O epicarpo do coco babaçu apresentou massa específica de 1,083 g/cm3, absorção de água após 24 h de 0,75% e degradação de 8,87% quando assentada no talude de solo. Estes resultados confirmam a eficácia da biomanta como proteção a erosão de taludes de solo.
Title in English
Use of babassu coconut fiber (Orbignia, sp) as a componente of natural geotextile to protect soil slopes
Keywords in English
biomanta
erosion
geotextile
natural fiber
Abstract in English
A worldwide concern is the destination of residues, including natural and biodegradable ones. The shell of the babassu nut found in the northern and northeast regions of Brazil is an example of residue, which is generated from the extraction of babassu nuts for the main purpose of extracting its seeds. Therefore, this work aimed to identify a sustainable destination for the babassu nut epicarp, corresponding to 13% of the fruit. A natural geotextile was implemented, also denominated as "biomanta", to protect the soil of embankments. The "biomanta" was manually produced utilizing the shell's fiber of babassu nut; and it was protected by a mesh made of biodegradable polypropylene. The "biomanta" was laid in a natural embankment for a period of 2 months, during the raining season in the city of Araguaina in the Brazilian state of Tocantins. The embankment was divided into blocks with some blocks covered by the "biomanta" and grass and another blocks without covered by the "biomanta" and grass. Across the bottom of the embankment was collected water and soil drained from the rainfall over that entire period. The results indicated that, in the blocks protected by the "biomanta", the amount of water drained was 32% less than the areas without it; and that the amount of soil drained down by the rain was 80% less in the blocks covered by the "biomanta". In addition, the babassu nut epicarp presented a specific mass of 1.083 g/cm3, absorption of water after 24 h of 0.75% and degradation of 8.87% when laid on the embankment soil.
 
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Publishing Date
2023-03-16
 
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