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Master's Dissertation
DOI
https://doi.org/10.11606/D.85.2021.tde-09092022-155409
Document
Author
Full name
José Tiago da Silva
E-mail
Institute/School/College
Knowledge Area
Date of Defense
Published
São Paulo, 2021
Supervisor
Committee
Rostelato, Maria Elisa Chuery Martins (President)
Karam Junior, Dib
Souza, Daiane Cristini Barbosa de
Title in Portuguese
Distribuição e comparação por Método de Monte Carlo da dose de fósforo-32 em placas poliméricas para tratamento de câncer paraespinhal e intracranial
Keywords in Portuguese
braquiterapia
fósforo-32
Método de Monte Carlo
sistema nervoso central
Abstract in Portuguese
O Sistema Nervoso Central (SNC) é formado pelo cérebro e a medula espinhal, sendo que o câncer do SNC se origina na região paraespinhal e intracranial. Esse tipo de câncer acometeu, no ano de 2020, 308.102 indivíduos, dos quais 251.329 vieram a óbito em todo o mundo. Esse alto número de óbitos nos mostra como o câncer do SNC contribui de maneira significativa para a mortalidade global. O tratamento do câncer do SNC é realizado de maneira combinada entre: radioterapia (teleterapia e braquiterapia), cirurgia e quimioterapia. Os tumores na região intracranial e paraespinhal são difíceis de serem tratados devido a sua proximidade com o cérebro e a medula espinhal. Placas poliméricas flexíveis de 32P são usadas na braquiterapia como suporte no tratamento paliativo ou no pós-operatório para esse tipo de câncer. As placas são seguras e viáveis, oferecem um tratamento imediato e a sua aplicação direta no tumor minimiza lesão na medula espinhal e cerebral. Devido a curta penetração das partículas betas, o uso do 32P se mostrou viável, pois as doses entregues em regiões tumorais não atingem regiões críticas da medula espinhal e cerebral. Este trabalho apresenta estudos para desenvolver a produção nacional de placas poliméricas de 32P. Para a fabricação da placa utilizou-se a resina epóxi e foram testados dois moldes, silicone e teflon, sendo que o último teve melhor desempenho, resultando em uma placa de espessura média 0,386 ± 0,0005 (mm). A distribuição de dose da placa de 32P foi analisada com filme radiocrômico EBT3 e comparada com simulação por Método de Monte Carlo. A taxa de dose medida na parte experimental e na simulação por Método de Monte Carlo concordaram no valor de 0,04 cGy/s, e assim, os estudos podem ser prosseguidos para dar continuidade no desenvolvimento de fonte radioativa para tratamento por braquiiterapia do câncer paraespinhal e intracranial.
Title in English
Distribution and comparison by Monte Carlo Method of phosphorus-32 dose in polymeric plaques for the treatment of paraspinal and intracranial cancer
Keywords in English
brachytherapy
cancer
central nervous system
Monte Carlo Method
phosphorus-32
Abstract in English
The Central Nervous System (CNS) is formed by the brain and the spinal cord, and CNS cancer originates in the paraspinal and intracranial regions. In 2020, this type of cancer affected 308,102 individuals, of which 251,329 died worldwide. This high number of deaths shows how CNS cancer significantly contributes to global mortality. The treatment of CNS cancer is performed by a combination of radiotherapy (teletherapy and brachytherapy), surgery, and chemotherapy. Tumors in the intracranial and paraspinal region are difficult to treat due to their proximity to the brain and the spinal cord. Polymeric flexible plaques of 32P are used in brachytherapy as support of palliative or postoperative care for this kind of cancer. The plaques are safe and viable, offer immediate treatment and the direct application in the tumor minimizes spinal cord and brain damage. Due to the short penetration of beta particles, the use of 32P proved to be viable as the doses delivered in tumor regions do not reach critical regions of the spinal cord and the brain. This work aims to study the development of the national production of 32P polymeric plaques. For the manufacture of the plaque, epoxy resin was used, and two molds were tested, silicone and Teflon, in which the latter one had better performance, resulting in a plate with an average thickness of 0.386 ± 0.0005 (mm). The dose distribution of the 32P plaque was analyzed with EBT3 radiochromic film and compared with simulation by Monte Carlo Method. The dose rate measured in the experimental part and the simulation by Monte Carlo Method agreed in value of 0,04 cGy/s, thus, studies can be continued to keep on the development of a radioactive source for brachytherapy treatment of paraspinal and intracranial cancer.
 
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Publishing Date
2022-09-20
 
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