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Master's Dissertation
DOI
https://doi.org/10.11606/D.84.2023.tde-19072023-190515
Document
Author
Full name
Ana Paula Dias
E-mail
Institute/School/College
Knowledge Area
Date of Defense
Published
São Paulo, 2023
Supervisor
Committee
Castro, Rita de Cássia Marques Lima de (President)
Barberia, Lorena Guadalupe
Teles, Paulo Cesar da Silva
Title in Portuguese
Usos e apropriações de elementos culturais pelas fake news sobre COVID-19 propagadas no Brasil e no México
Keywords in Portuguese
Apropriação cultural
Brasil
COVID-19
Fake News
México
Abstract in Portuguese
A América Latina foi uma das regiões mais afetadas pelas fake news sobre Covid-19, segundo o Observatório de Infodemia Covid-19 da Fundação Bruno Kessler. Buscando contribuir com os estudos sobre o fenômeno no território latino-americano, a presente dissertação investiga os usos e apropriações de aspectos culturais pelas fake news sobre Covid-19 que circularam no Brasil e no México, entre janeiro de 2020 a novembro de 2021, em múltiplos canais, formatos de conteúdo e eixos temáticos. O objetivo principal consistiu em identificar se houve apropriação cultural nas narrativas falaciosas sobre a nova doença. Teoricamente, a dissertação buscou costurar as relações entre as mudanças no ecossistema midiático, as mediações culturais da comunicação e as interfaces entre comunicação, cultura e saúde pública. Dessa forma, buscou-se contribuir no entendimento do fenômeno das fake news para além das características das plataformas midiáticas e incluir em sua observação a perspectiva da comunicação inscrita na cultura, e sobretudo, a perspectiva do sul global (SANTOS, 2014). A metodologia da pesquisa foi construída a partir de métodos mistos, combinando as metodologias de análise de conteúdo (BARDIN, 2011), estudo comparado (SARTORI, 1994) e processamento de linguagem natural a partir do modelo de inteligência artificial BERTopic. Em uma primeira etapa, foi realizada a análise exploratória acerca dos temas abordados em 736 fake news sobre a Covid-19. Em seguida, delimitou-se a amostra para uma análise aprofundada dos elementos culturais presentes nas narrativas falsas do corpus selecionado, composto por 47 fake news. Por fim, foi realizada uma análise comparada a fim de identificar similaridades e/ou diferenças entre os resultados encontrados nos países estudados. Os resultados demonstraram a apropriação de aspectos culturais em notícias falsas que abordaram tratamentos, medidas de prevenção e crenças religiosas, propagadas em ambos os países.
Title in English
Uses and Appropriations of Cultural Aspects by Fake News about Covid-19 propagated in Brazil and Mexico
Keywords in English
Brazil
COVID-19
Cultural appropriation
Fake News
Mexico
Abstract in English
Latin America was one of the regions most affected by fake news about Covid-19, according to the Bruno Kessler Foundation's Covid-19 Infodemia Observatory. Seeking to contribute to studies on the phenomenon in Latin America, this dissertation investigates the uses and appropriations of cultural aspects by fake news about Covid-19 that circulated in Brazil and Mexico, between January 2020 and November 2021, in multiple channels, content formats and thematic axes. The main objective was to identify if there was cultural appropriation in the fallacious narratives about the new disease. Theoretically, the dissertation sought to sew the relationships between the changes in the media ecosystem, the cultural mediations of communication and the interfaces between communication, culture and public health. In this way, we sought to contribute to the understanding of the fake news phenomenon beyond the characteristics of media platforms and include in their observation the perspective of communication inscribed in culture, and above all, the perspective of the global south (SANTOS, 2014). The research methodology was built from mixed methods, combining the methodologies of content analysis (BARDIN, 2011), comparative study (SARTORI, 1994) and natural language processing from the BERTopic artificial intelligence model. In a first step, an exploratory analysis was carried out on the topics addressed in 736 fake news about Covid-19. Then, the sample was delimited for an in-depth analysis of the cultural elements present in the false narratives of the selected corpus, composed of 47 fake news. Finally, a comparative analysis was performed in order to identify similarities and/or differences between the results found in the countries studied. The results demonstrated the appropriation of cultural aspects in fake news that addressed treatments, prevention measures and religious beliefs, propagated in both countries.
 
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Publishing Date
2023-07-19
 
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