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Master's Dissertation
DOI
https://doi.org/10.11606/D.84.2019.tde-10122019-165152
Document
Author
Full name
Bruno Massola Moda
E-mail
Institute/School/College
Knowledge Area
Date of Defense
Published
São Paulo, 2019
Supervisor
Committee
Secco, Lincoln Ferreira (President)
Assumpção, Tatiana Berringer de
Camargo, Fernando Furquim de
Title in Portuguese
O papel do Chavismo e do Lulismo na integração regional latino-americana
Keywords in Portuguese
Chavismo
Cooperação internacional
Integração regional
Lulismo
Política externa
Abstract in Portuguese
No início do século XXI a América Latina experienciou uma mudança política em cadeia em seus governos deslocando, quase que de forma sincronizada em direção à um momento progressista da política regional, em um movimento que ficou conhecido como onda rosa. Assim, depois de quase duas décadas de neoliberalismo pernicioso e a produção de milhões de pessoas extremamente pobres, novos ares sopraram na região. Esta dissertação buscou apresentar a influência do chavismo e do lulismo, enquanto fenômenos políticos, na integração regional a partir de duas organizações internacionais: a União de Nações Sul-Americanas (UNASUL) e a Aliança Bolivariana para os Povos da Nossa América Tratado de Comércio dos Povos (ALBA-TCP). Ao desenvolver um estudo comparativo entre esses dois fenômenos, foi analisado os antecedentes do lulismo e do chavismo, bem como suas características enquanto governo, sobretudo no campo da política externa regional. Identificou-se, desta forma, que esses governos apresentaram uma agenda convergente de política externa principalmente no tangente a processos de cooperação dentro da lógica do regionalismo pós-neoliberal, ou póshegemônico, onde os processos integracionistas foram pautados com objetivos distintos da lógica comercial-econômica e priorizaram temas como educação, saúde, seguridade e desenvolvimento social, infraestrutura, paz e segurança regional e resolução de conflitos. O Brasil e a Venezuela, buscaram com a cooperação regional estabelecer zonas de influências na América do Sul e no Caribe exercendo um voluntarismo estratégico ao fomentar a integração latino-americana. Esta pesquisa analisou estes processos através das principais teorias de intregação regional e o intergovernamentalismo é a que melhor se aplica para entender a ausência de cessão de soberania pelos Estados membros à UNASUL e a ALBA. Fator decisivo para mensurar um possível projeto de governança regional.
Title in English
The role of Chavismo and Lulismo in Latin America's regional integration
Keywords in English
Chavism
Foreign policy
International cooperation
Lulism
Regional integration
Abstract in English
At the beginning of the 21st century, Latin America experienced an almost synchronized political change in many counties in what turned out to be known as the Pink tide for which many progressivists governments came to power. After almost two decades of pernicious neoliberalism and the production of millions of extremely poor individuals, new winds blowed in the region. The present dissertation sought to present the influence of Chavism and Lulism, as political phenomena, in regional integration through two international organizations: the Union of South American Nations (UNASUR) and the Bolivarian Alliance for the Peoples of Our America - Treaty of Peoples Trade (ALBA-TCP). In developing a comparative study between these two phenomena, we sought to analyze the antecedents of Lullism and Chavism, as well as its characteristics as a government, especially their regional foreign policy. It was identified, therefore, that these governments had some similars goals in foreign policy being regional integration one of them. However, they aimed to set a new standard on cooperation processes by adopting a post-neoliberal or post-hegemonic regionalism. These new integrationist attempts were based subjects other than economic and commercial ones but prioritized education, health, social security and development, infrastructure, regional peace and security, and conflict resolution fields. Brazil and Venezuela have sought to extend their zones of influence in South America and the Caribbean through regional integration. They do it by what we call a strategic voluntarism by which they calculate the costs and benefits by sponsoring Latin American integration. Due to the state-oriented characteristics of these governments intergovernmentalism theory looks like the most feasible to understand the absence of assignment of sovereignty to UNASUR and ALBA. A factor that has a direct impact to mesure the consolidation of a potential model of regional governance.
 
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Publishing Date
2019-12-10
 
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