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Master's Dissertation
DOI
https://doi.org/10.11606/D.81.2021.tde-13122021-133024
Document
Author
Full name
Arthur Pereira Scabora
E-mail
Institute/School/College
Knowledge Area
Date of Defense
Published
São Paulo, 2021
Supervisor
Committee
Gurgel, Ivã (President)
Henrique, Alexandre Bagdonas
Silva, Vinícius Carvalho da
Title in Portuguese
Aspectos de Natureza da Ciência em Textos de Divulgação Científica: Análises a Partir de um Diálogo entre Kuhn e Popper
Keywords in Portuguese
Cientificismo
Ensino de Ciências, Divulgação Científica
Filosofia da Ciência
História da Ciência
Pseudociências
Abstract in Portuguese
Este trabalho realiza uma análise crítica da visão de Ciência predominante, especialmente nos meios de divulgação científica, sob o olhar das ideias de Karl Raimund Popper e Thomas Samuel Kuhn. Em particular, analisa duas questões fundamentais, a saber: "O que é Ciência?" e "Como a Ciência progride?". Investigando as respostas usuais a essas perguntas, em contraste com o que nos diz a história da Ciência e os resultados dos trabalhos dos filósofos citados, foi verificada uma notável discrepância, em grande parte responsável por distorcer a visão que o público em geral tem da Ciência. Essa distorção pode ser sintetizada em três pilares: cientificismo, o movimento anticiência e as pseudociências. Foram analisados: (1) os principais erros conceituais cometidos pelos divulgadores, (2) as consequências sociais e educacionais de se ensinar a Ciência sob essa ótica distorcida e (3) formas alternativas de se abordar o grande tema da "Natureza da Ciência". É também feita uma defesa aberta da Filosofia como essencial ao empreendimento científico. Conclui-se com um panorama geral do ensino e da divulgação científica na atualidade e perspectivas para o futuro.
Title in English
Aspects of the Nature of Science in Texts of scientific dissemination : Analysis from a Dialogue between Kuhn and Popper
Keywords in English
History of Science
Philosophy of Science
Pseudosciences
Science Teaching
Scientific Dissemination
Scientism
Abstract in English
This work carries out a critical analysis of the prevailing view of Science, especially in the vehicles of scientific dissemination, from the perspective of the ideas of Karl Raimund Popper and Thomas Samuel Kuhn. In particular, it analyzes two fundamental questions, namely: "What is Science?" and "How does science progress?". Investigating the usual answers to these questions, in contrast to what the history of Science tells us and the results of the works of the aforementioned philosophers, a notable discrepancy was found, largely responsible for distorting the general public's view of Science. This distortion can be summarized in three pillars: scientism, the antiscience movement and pseudosciences. The following were analyzed: (1) the main conceptual errors made by the disseminators, (2) the social and educational consequences of teaching Science from this distorted perspective and (3) alternative ways of approaching the great theme of "Nature of Science". An open defense of Philosophy is also made as essential to the scientific enterprise. It concludes with an overview of teaching and scientific dissemination today and perspectives for the future.
 
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Publishing Date
2021-12-13
 
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