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Doctoral Thesis
DOI
https://doi.org/10.11606/T.8.2022.tde-05052023-112256
Document
Author
Full name
João Vitor Rodrigues Alencar
E-mail
Institute/School/College
Knowledge Area
Date of Defense
Published
São Paulo, 2022
Supervisor
Committee
Pacheco, Ana Paula Sá e Souza (President)
Bonis, Maria Luisa Rangel de
Quiterio, Cesar Takemoto
Soares, Marcos Cesar de Paula
Title in Portuguese
Pelo olho mágico de Estorvo: forma e processo social no primeiro romance de Chico Buarque
Keywords in Portuguese
Chico Buarque
Estorvo (literatura)
Literatura brasileira contemporânea
Literatura e sociedade
Psicanálise
Abstract in Portuguese
De modo geral, o público de Chico Buarque estranhou a dificuldade experimentada durante a leitura de seu primeiro romance, Estorvo (1991). Em prosa simples e relativamente coloquial, uma série de episódios intrincados atropelam o leitor. A complicação se encontra tanto nas circunstâncias em que tais peripécias se desenrolam quanto na maneira tresloucada como o narrador as apresenta. Realidade, sonhos, devaneios e lembranças se misturam na sequência dos acontecimentos, nos quais não há sequer a garantia de ordem cronológica. Nestes episódios um herdeiro relativamente empobrecido e mais ou menos dissidente em termos políticos nos conta como, pouco tempo depois da redemocratização do país, acabou participando da chacina da arraia-miúda dos mercados ilegais que estava ocupando o sítio de sua família, extermínio promovido por figuras do Estado a mando dos mesmos parentes ricos que sustentam o protagonista através do favorecimento de empréstimos financeiros - e, para complicar ainda mais, de quem ele havia roubado joias que foram vendidas naqueles mesmos mercados. A forma quase corriqueira com que a voz narrativa flui entre registros e situações tão conturbados nos coloca uma série de questionamentos. Como explicar que um compositor tão relacionado ao popular tenha escrito um romance tão fácil de ler e difícil de compreender? Trata-se de um defeito na feitura literária? Existe algum sentido implicado nesse hermetismo fluente? Se sim, qual sua amplitude social e especificidade histórica? Parte da crítica julgou a narrativa pelo seu aparente nonsense, mais preocupada em descrever minuciosamente o disparate das cenas isoladas do que em narrá-las através de uma história que as abrangesse de modo coerente. Em sentido contrário, pretendo demonstrar que é na montagem estabelecida pelo conjunto dessas cenas aparentemente despropositadas, em que o narrador é flagrado em suas complicadas relações com as circunstâncias reais ou imaginárias que compõem as situações narrativas, que devemos buscar o significado, a dimensão e a minúcia do relato. Pois nessa forma de narrar, que parece mas não é absurda, está implicado um jogo de perspectivas que reproduz, com rigor literário, a lógica social que envolve conflitos decisivos do Brasil pós-golpe militar, ainda que esses conflitos estejam embaralhados pelos deslocamentos promovidos por compensações imaginárias e precisem ser recompostos pelo leitor. Foi o estado de exceção instituído por esse golpe e perpetuado no período democrático que, através do extermínio e da exploração promovidos pela elite, determinou a inserção do país na marcha contrarrevolucionária do capitalismo contemporâneo. É esse o horizonte histórico e social que nos permite determinar tanto a limitação da perspectiva do narrador quanto a amplitude dos materiais presentes no que ele involuntariamente narra, possibilitando assim a interpretação dos sentidos concretos do romance em suas verdadeiras dimensões.
Title in English
Through the peephole of Turbulence : form and social process in Chico Buarque's first novel
Keywords in English
Chico Buarque
Contemporary Brazilian literature
Literature and society
Psychoanalysis
Turbulence (literature)
Abstract in English
In general, Chico Buarque's audience was surprised by the difficulty experienced while reading his first novel, Turbulence (1991). In simple and relatively conversational prose, a series of intricate episodes trample the reader. The complication is found both in the circumstances in which such adventures unfold and in the crazy way in which the narrator presents them. Reality, dreams, daydreams and memories are mixed in the sequence of events, in which there is not even a guarantee of chronological order. In these episodes, an heir somewhat impoverished and more or less dissident in political terms tells us how, shortly after the country's re-democratization, he ended up participating in the slaughter of the lower classes involved in illegal markets that was occupying his family's farm, an extermination promoted by figures of the State at the behest of the same rich relatives who support the protagonist through favoring financial loans - and, to complicate matters even more, from whom he had stolen jewels that were sold in those same markets. The almost current way in which the narrative voice flows between such troubled registers and situations raises a series of questions. How to explain that a composer so closely related to the popular has written a novel so easy to read and difficult to understand? Is it a defect in literary making? Is there any meaning implied in this flowing hermeticism? If so, what is its social extent and historical specificity? Part of the critics judged the narrative for its apparent nonsense, more concerned with minutely describing the absurdity of isolated scenes than with narrating them through a story that encompasses them in a coherent way. On the contrary, I intend to demonstrate that it is in the montage established by the set of these apparently unreasonable scenes, in which the narrator is caught in his complicated relationships with the real or imaginary circumstances that make up the narrative situations, that we must seek the meaning, the dimension and the minutiae of the story. Because in this way of narrating, which seems but is not absurd, the complex of different point of views that reproduces, with literary rigor, the social logic that involves decisive conflicts in Brazil after the military coup, even if these conflicts are scrambled by the displacements promoted by imaginary compensations and need to be recomposed by the reader. It was the state of exception instituted by this coup and perpetuated in the democratic period that, through the extermination and exploitation promoted by the elite, determined the insertion of the country in the counterrevolutionary march of contemporary capitalism. This is the historical and social horizon that allows us to determine both the limitation of the narrator's perspective and the breadth of the materials present in what he involuntarily narrates, thus enabling the interpretation of the novel's concrete meanings in their true dimensions.
 
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Publishing Date
2023-05-05
 
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