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Master's Dissertation
DOI
https://doi.org/10.11606/D.8.2022.tde-12052023-165143
Document
Author
Full name
Helio Pimentel Neto
E-mail
Institute/School/College
Knowledge Area
Date of Defense
Published
São Paulo, 2022
Supervisor
Committee
Werner, Christian (President)
Oliveira, Gustavo Junqueira Duarte
Zanon, Camila Aline
Title in Portuguese
Abomináveis na grandeza: uma leitura a contrapelo do kleos na Ilíada
Keywords in Portuguese
Herói
Homero
Kleos
Mulheres
Teoria Crítica
Abstract in Portuguese
O presente trabalho propõe uma leitura materialista e interdisciplinar do kleos na Ilíada. O kleos ("glória", "fama") iliádico é comumente entendido como uma compensação que os heróis recebem por arriscar a vida na guerra. Contudo, a Ilíada, não se restringe à exaltação unívoca de feitos heroicos. As frustrações causadas pelo caráter destrutivo da guerra são inseparáveis do poema como um todo. Fazendo uso da teoria oral (LORD, 2019), da teoria crítica (HORKHEIMER, 1990; BENJAMIN, 2012) e da antropologia econômica (MEILLASSOUX, 1976), este estudo buscou investigar o kleos épico - entendido como uma forma artisticamente elaborada de memória social - em relação com o contexto histórico e social de produção e recepção primeiras do poema. Buscando compreender como a violência pode transformar-se em glória, foram analisados três aspectos materiais (dominação, técnica e reprodução) no poema e em seu contexto histórico. A investigação permitiu entender que, na estrutura social do poema e de seu contexto histórico, a oposição entre classes sociais coincidia com a divisão entre os gêneros biológicos. Nesta sociedade tradicional, a memória coletiva, ao assumir uma forma artística, é moldada também pela classe dominada - mulheres, artesãos, jovens e escravos - e, por isso, carrega uma promessa de libertação.
Title in English
Abhorrent in their grandeur: reading kleos in the Iliad against the grain
Keywords in English
Critical Theory
Hero
Homer
Kleos
Women
Abstract in English
The present study proposes a materialist and interdisciplinary reading of kleos in the Iliad. In the Iliad, epic kleos ("glory", "fame") is often understood as a compensation that the hero receives for risking his life in war. However, the poem does not restrain itself to a univocal exhortation of heroic deeds. The frustrations caused by war's destructive character are inseparable from the poem as a whole. Drawing from oral theory (LORD, 2019), critical theory (HORKHEIMER, 1990; BENJAMIN, 2012), and economic anthropology (MEILLASSOUX, 1976), this study investigates the epic kleos - understood as an artistically elaborated form of social memory - in its relation to the historical and social context of the poem's early production and reception. Seeking to grasp how violence can be transformed into epic glory, three material aspects were analyzed (domination, technique, and reproduction) in the poem and its historical context. According to the investigation, in the social structure of the poem and its historical context, the opposition between social classes overlaps with the gender division. In this traditional society, collective memory, by assuming an artistic form, is shaped also by the ruled class - women, artisans, young people, and slaves - and, therefore, conveys a promise of liberation.
 
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Publishing Date
2023-05-15
 
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