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Doctoral Thesis
DOI
https://doi.org/10.11606/T.8.2014.tde-02062015-173435
Document
Author
Full name
Melina Rodolpho
E-mail
Institute/School/College
Knowledge Area
Date of Defense
Published
São Paulo, 2015
Supervisor
Committee
Martins, Paulo (President)
Oliva Neto, João Angelo
Prado, João Batista Toledo
Santos, Marcos Martinho dos
Vieira, Brunno Vinicius Gonçalves
 
Title in Portuguese
De Physiognomonia Liber: considerações a respeito do ethos e da fisiognomonia em textos da Antiguidade Clássica
Keywords in Portuguese
Actio
Episteme
Ethos
Fisiognomonia; Retórica
Techne
Abstract in Portuguese
A presente tese tem, basicamente, dois objetivos principais: traduzir um tratado fisiognomônico, o De Physiognomonia Liber, de autoria desconhecida, provavelmente do século IV d.C., e ainda estudar a fisiognomonia na Antiguidade Clássica, cotejando os preceitos expostos de diferentes manuais. Há pouca informação a respeito da fisiognomonia nos textos da Antiguidade, contudo, a análise fisiognomônica era adotada como mecanismo para representar ethos ou pathos. Geralmente considerada uma techne, seu estatuto tem sido questionado porque também era um método de divinação. Inúmeros teóricos, dentre os quais estão Platão e Aristóteles, discutiam diversos aspectos concernentes à teoria fisiognomônica, tais como a influência dos humores no caráter de um indivíduo e as analogias entre os homens e os animais. A fisiognomonia relaciona-se à medicina se considerarmos a teoria dos humores e, além disso, há o método etnológico em que se atribui características específicas ao ethos de acordo com a influência do ambiente sobre os indivíduos, proposição presente no corpus hipocrático. Procuramos também observar a presença de elementos fisiognomônicos na actio retórica e na literatura da Antiguidade. É possível inferir que o emprego de conceitos fisiognomônicos compõe o que alguns teóricos chamam consciência fisiognomônica, existente já na poesia de Homero.
 
Title in English
De Physiognomonia Liber: reflexions about ethos and physiognomy in ancient texts
Keywords in English
Actio
Episteme
Ethos
Physiognomy
Rhetoric
Techne
Abstract in English
The present thesis has basically two main objectives: to translate a physiognomical treatise, named De Physiognomonia Liber, by an unknown writer, probably from the 4th century; and also to study physiognomy, comparing concepts from different manuals. There is very little information about physiognomy in ancient texts. Nevertheless, physiognomical analysis was used in classical poetry and prose as a mechanism to represent pathos or ethos. Usually considered as techne, its status has been questioned because physiognomy was also a method of divination. Many theoreticians, including Plato and Aristotle, discuss several aspects which concern physiognomical theory, such as the influence of humours on a person's character, as well as the analogies between humans and animals. Physiognomy is related to medicine if we consider the theory of the humours, and also one of the physiognomical methods, the ethnological, which attributes specific features to ethos according to the influence of the environment where one lives, this is a statement already present in Hippocratic corpus. Besides, we try to observe the presence of physiognomical elements in both rhetorical actio and classical literature. Thus, the employment of physiognomical concepts is what some researchers call "physiognomical consciousness", which exists since Homer.
 
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Publishing Date
2015-06-02
 
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