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Master's Dissertation
DOI
https://doi.org/10.11606/D.8.2010.tde-25082010-143215
Document
Author
Full name
Maira Chinelatto Alves
E-mail
Institute/School/College
Knowledge Area
Date of Defense
Published
São Paulo, 2010
Supervisor
Committee
Machado, Maria Helena Pereira Toledo (President)
Slenes, Robert Wayne Andrew
Wissenbach, Maria Cristina Cortez
Title in Portuguese
Quando falha o controle: crimes de escravos contra senhores. Campinas, 1840/1870
Keywords in Portuguese
Crime
Escravidão
Império
Inventário
Processo-crime
Abstract in Portuguese
O presente trabalho é um estudo de história social da escravidão que trata de crimes cometidos por escravos contra seus senhores na cidade de Campinas. Tem como objetivo compreender quem eram os escravos que cometiam delitos tão graves e quais as motivações por eles alegadas - ou a eles atribuídas - para justificar suas ações. Duas dinâmicas podem ser dessa maneira estudadas: por um lado, a relação dos escravos com os senhores, que culminou no assassinato dos últimos. Por outro, pode-se analisar também as relações horizontais dos escravos com seus companheiros, os laços afetivos e sociais por eles estabelecidos. Pode-se, assim, esclarecer tanto o momento excepcional do crime como outras interações que o precederam e motivaram. Num primeiro momento, a análise é focada no final da década de 1840, quando a produção de açúcar perdia cada vez mais espaço para o café e a proporção de africanos dentre os escravos era bastante alta. Nesta oportunidade, três crimes serão analisados, ocorridos em fazendas produtoras de cana, café e chá, pelos quais quatro escravos africanos foram condenados à morte pelo tribunal do júri, enquadrados na lei de 10 de junho de 1835. Num segundo momento, o foco é a década de 1870. Serão cinco os delitos examinados, os quais tiveram lugar em roças de café, algodão e produtos de subsistência. Quatorze escravos foram levados a julgamento como réus; alguns foram absolvidos enquanto outros encararam punições diversas, porém nenhum deles foi condenado à morte. Na conjuntura posterior ao fechamento definitivo do tráfico atlântico de escravos, nenhum dos indiciados era natural da África, mas vários deles vieram de diversas províncias do Brasil. A análise destes interessantes casos é possível através do cruzamento de dois tipos de documentos produzidos simultaneamente quando da morte destes senhores: os processos criminais, abertos e conduzidos por autoridades policiais e judiciais com o fim de apurar os fatos e punir os culpados; e os inventários post-mortem dos senhores, que listavam e avaliavam os bens por ele deixados em herança.
Title in English
When control failure: crimes against slave masters. Campinas, 1840/1870
Keywords in English
Brazilian Empire
Crime
Criminal prosecution
Inventory
Slavery
Abstract in English
This paper regarding the social history of slavery studies crimes committed by slaves against their masters in Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil. It tries to understand who were those slaves and what were the motivations they used - or were assigned to them - to justify their actions. This analysis allows us to understand de relationship between master and slave, which culminated on the murder. But it also allows seeing the horizontal relationships betweens those slaves and their partners, their affective and social connections which could influence their behavior. I focus primarily in two types of documents created by these quarrels: the criminal prosecution installed by the legal authorities, such as the police and magistrates, and the inventory of the goods the master possessed and that would be shared by the heirs. When analyzed together, these two documents can shed light on the routine of the property, informing not only how the crime occurred, what were its motivations and how the defendant slave justified his actions to the State authorities, but also how he related to other slaves, what was his occupation, his skills, what items were produced in the property, what was the financial situation of the master, if it made him demand to expand the production, through an intensification of work pace from his slaves that would justify an upraise. At first, the analysis focuses on the late 1840's, when sugar plantations were being surpassed by coffee and a high percentage of slaves had African origin. Then, three homicides took place on sugar, coffee and tea plantations and four African slaves were trialed and condemned to death, according to the law of June 10th 1835. Afterwards, five crimes occurred in the 1870's will be explored. They happened in coffee, cotton and food plantations. Fourteen slaves were prosecuted, some of them were absolved, while others were condemned to face various punishments, but none of them were condemned to death - although the law of 1835 still applied. After the closing of Atlantic slave trade, the defendants were no longer Africans, but many came from several provinces of Brazil.
 
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Publishing Date
2010-10-01
 
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