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Doctoral Thesis
DOI
https://doi.org/10.11606/T.8.1997.tde-20032012-103942
Document
Author
Full name
Carlota Josefina Malta Cardozo dos Reis Boto
E-mail
Institute/School/College
Knowledge Area
Date of Defense
Published
São Paulo, 1997
Supervisor
Committee
Mota, Carlos Guilherme Santos Seroa da (President)
Catroga, Fernando José de Almeida
Fernandes, Rogério
Nagle, Jorge
Novais, Fernando Antonio
Title in Portuguese
Ler, Escrever, Contar e se Comportar: a Escola Primária como Rito do Século XIX Português (1820-1910)
Keywords in Portuguese
Cotidiano
Currículo
Educação
Escola
História
História da educação
Infância
Instrução
Portugal
Século XIX
Abstract in Portuguese
Tendo por objetivo o estudo da escola portuguesa no período compreendido entre 1820 e 1910, procuramos a identificação de aspectos concernentes à interface entre as práticas escolares e o debate social sobre as mesmas. Por essa trilha metodológica, propusemo-nos a historiar o cotidiano, pressupondo nele uma história dos atores que vivem a escola; que agenciam o dia-a-dia escolar. Além disso, tínhamos a intenção de entrelaçar esse ensaio da escola que passou com as representações postas no imaginário pedagógico da sociedade portuguesa na referida época. Por ser assim, pretendíamos verificar a intersecção entre os modos como a sociedade percebia o fenômeno da instrução e os procedimentos realmente adotados para o ensino, com a finalidade de reconstruir pela escrita alguns aspectos que pontuaram o universo simbólico acerca da educação em Portugal de um século atrás. A escola primária era, em Portugal do século XIX (1820-1910), um ritual entre gerações. À infância, era suposto o reconhecimento escolar da tradição do povo e do passado do país. À infância seria também entregue o futuro. Cabia, portanto, à escola a projeção desse futuro, a exemplo do passado. Compreender a sociedade portuguesa do período exigiria então o reconhecimento desse intervalo entre passado e futuro; essa mudança de temporalidade representada pelos anos de escola. A escola era uma forma, um modelo de criação e de irradiação de valores; valores que, muitas vezes reproduzindo, no mínimo, ela ajudou a criar. A escola primária era também a instituição que a comunidade reclamava para se fortalecer. A escola era o lugar de produção do cenário coletivo para a generalização do código da escrita. A escola era enfim o ambiente que paradoxalmente se opunha e complementava a ação familiar. O presente trabalho procurou então rastrear os sinais do discurso sobre a escola: quem era enfim essa escola que a modernidade criou, e no que supostamente ela se deveria tornar? Nesse diálogo entre o domínio da realidade do ensino e as prescrições - legais, intelectuais, institucionais, literárias - sobre o ideal educativo almejado, procurou-se interpretar a variação das fontes, estabelecendo sentidos, conexões, inferências, regularidades; enfim, compondo um relato. Na longa duração de quase um século, procurou-se perceber as rupturas e permanências de uma atmosfera escolar, cujos alicerces talvez tenham algo a dizer à nossa contemporaneidade pedagógica.
Title in English
Read, write, count and behave: the primary school as a nineteenth century Portuguese rite (1820-1910)
Keywords in English
Childhood
Curriculum
Daily life
Education
Educational history
Histor
Portugal
School
Teaching
XIX century
Abstract in English
The aim was to study Portuguese schools during the period between 1820 and 1910, we sought to identify aspects concerning the interface between school practices and the social debate about them. For this methodological path, we proposed to narrate daily life, presuming this is a story of actors who live in the school; who manage daily school life. Furthermore, we had the intention of intertwining this enacted school study with imaginary pedagogic representations put in Portuguese society in the referred to period. Accordingly, we intended to verify the meeting point between the way in which society perceived the educational phenomenon and the procedures really chosen in teaching, with the purpose of reconstituting in writing some of the aspects that marked the symbolic universe around education in Portugal in the last century. In Portugal in the XIX century (1820-1910) the elementary school was a ritual between generations. The school was supposed to recognize the tradition of the people and the history of the country during childhood. The future would also be given in childhood. Therefore the school would fit this future projection to the example of the past. Therefore to understand Portuguese society of the period would require the recognition of this interval between past and future; this temporary change represented by the school years. The school was a mold, a model of creation and the diffusion of values; values which, many times reproducing, at least, helped to create. The elementary school was also the institution that the community required to strengthen it. The school was the place for the production of the collective scenario for the generalization of the written code. Finally, the school was the environment that paradoxically opposed and complemented family activity. Therefore, this present work sought to track the signs of discourse about the school: which finally was the school modernity created, and which supposedly should become? In this dialog between the dominion of teaching reality and the requirements - legal, intellectual, institutional, literary about the longed for educational ideal, we sought to interpret the variety of sources, establishing directions, connections, inferences, rules; finally, creating a report. In the long period of almost a century, we sought to understand breaks and permanent aspects of a school environment, whose foundation perhaps has something to say about our contemporary pedagogy.
 
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Publishing Date
2012-03-20
 
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