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Doctoral Thesis
DOI
https://doi.org/10.11606/T.8.2023.tde-19052023-155308
Document
Author
Full name
Rafael Luis dos Santos Dall'Olio
Institute/School/College
Knowledge Area
Date of Defense
Published
São Paulo, 2023
Supervisor
Committee
Lima, Solange Ferraz de (President)
Friaca, Amancio Cesar Santos
Monteiro, Rosana Horio
Santos Filho, Gildo Magalhães dos
Title in Portuguese
Carte du Ciel e o uso da fotografia científica no século XIX
Keywords in Portuguese
Carte du Ciel
Cultura visual
Fotografia científica
História da astronomia
História das ciências
Abstract in Portuguese
A presente pesquisa teve como objetivo verificar em que medida o uso da fotografia foi problematizada no projeto de astrofotografia desenvolvido pelo observatório de Paris e executado a partir de 1887, por diversos observatórios astronômicos localizados principalmente na Europa, mas com participações de observatórios da América do Sul, América do Norte, África e Oceania. Esse projeto ficou conhecido como Carte du Ciel. Além disso, buscou-se verificar como ocorreu a construção e o desenvolvimento desse projeto em relação aos agentes políticos e sociais que o engendraram. Para tanto, utilizou-se como documentação principal os relatórios e boletins do comitê permanente, órgão executivo da Carte du Ciel, emitidos pela academia de ciências francesa, além de estudos teóricos e metodológicos relacionados aos estudos visuais das ciências e à produção do dado científico na rotina do laboratório. Concluiu-se que para considerar a fotografia como um instrumento científico que garantisse a confiabilidade dos dados obtidos era necessário seguir uma série de protocolos científicos definidos nas reuniões do comitê permanente. Dessa forma, a crítica à fotografia ocorreu antes da obtenção da mesma, embasada numa objetividade mecânica em voga no final do século XIX. Por outro lado, constatou-se que houve uma interferência direta do Estado Francês na execução do projeto, por meio da academia de ciências, cujo objetivo desta era transformar Paris no centro das discussões científicas mundiais. Pode-se considerar que tal objetivo foi parcialmente atingido, uma vez que no período pós Primeira Guerra Mundial, a International Astronomic Union (IAU) foi fundada com sede em Paris, no prédio da academia de ciências francesa. Observou-se assim que a prática científica está estritamente vinculada ao contexto social e político, cuja análise deve extrapolar os limite do laboratório e considerar os interesses dos agentes que constroem um determinado projeto científico
Title in English
Carte du Ciel and the use of scientific photography in the 19th century
Keywords in English
Carte du Ciel
History of astronomy
History of sciences
Scientific photography
Visual culture
Abstract in English
This research aimed to verify to what extent or use of photography was problematized in the astrophotography project developed by the Paris observatory and carried out from 1887 onwards by several astronomical observatories located mainly in Europe, but with participation from observatories in South America, North America, Africa and Oceania. This project became known as Carte du Ciel. In addition, we sought to verify how the construction and development of this project occurred in relation to the political and social agents that engendered it. For this purpose, the reports and bulletins of the permanent committee, the executive body of the Carte du Ciel, issued by the French Academy of Sciences, were used as the main documentation, in addition to theoretical and methodological studies related to the visual studies of science and the production of scientific data in routine from the laboratory. It was concluded that in order to consider photography as a scientific instrument that would guarantee the reliability of the data obtained, it was necessary to follow a series of scientific protocols defined in the standing committee meetings. In this way, the criticism of photography occurred before obtaining it, based on a mechanical objectivity in vogue at the end of the 19th century. On the other hand, it was found that there was direct interference by the French State in the execution of the project, through the academy of sciences, whose objective was to transform Paris into the center of world scientific discussions. It can be considered that this objective was partially achieved, since in the post-World War I period, the International Astronomic Union (IAU) was founded with headquarters in Paris, in the building of the French Academy of Sciences. It was thus observed that scientific practice is strictly linked to the social and political context, whose analysis must go beyond the limits of the laboratory and consider the interests of the agents that build a certain scientific project
 
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Publishing Date
2023-05-19
 
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