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Doctoral Thesis
DOI
https://doi.org/10.11606/T.8.2020.tde-14082020-203448
Document
Author
Full name
Marcella Fabíola Gouveia Moreira de Miranda
E-mail
Institute/School/College
Knowledge Area
Date of Defense
Published
São Paulo, 2020
Supervisor
Committee
Megiani, Ana Paula Torres (President)
Cardim, Pedro António Almeida
Kantor, Iris
Rodríguez, José María Iñurritegui
Title in Portuguese
Razão de Estado na Monarquia Hispânica: os debates dos agentes políticos durante a guerra civil-religiosa francesa (1580-1598)
Keywords in Portuguese
História Política
Monarquia Hispânica
Razão de Estado
Abstract in Portuguese
Essa tese doutoral tem o objetivo de estudar a relação entre a prática da política e o pensamento político na Época Moderna, a partir da análise dos discursos de três embaixadores da Monarquia Hispânica na França, na segunda metade do século XVI. Parte-se do pressuposto de que os conflitos sucedidos entre os dois reinos, que ocorreram majoritariamente por causa da diferença sobre a questão religiosa, colocaram em evidência dois modelos políticos opostos. O ideal da República Cristã, liderada no âmbito temporal pela Monarquia Hispânica e encabeçada pelo pontífice, encontrava uma série de resistências em sua projeção sobre o reino francês, cujo ápice foi a tentativa de Felipe II de coroar a infanta Isabel Clara rainha da França. Nesse contexto, nossa investigação será centrada em três diplomatas que foram nomeados para apresentar a candidatura da princesa espanhola: Juan Bautista de Tassis (1530-1610), Lorenzo Suárez de Figueroa, II duque de Feria (1559-1607) e Diego de Ibarra (? -1626). O trio foi encarregado de expor e representar o projeto na reunião dos Estados Gerais convocados pela Liga Católica. A partir da documentação analisada, pretende-se investigar as ideias políticas elaboradas por estes agentes, com ênfase no debate em torno das linguagens da razão de Estado, para compreender a relação entre esse conjunto de ideias e o pensamento político mais amplo. Por fim, buscaremos entender como a teoria e a prática se imiscuíam diante dos desafios intelectuais impostos pela violência das guerras de religião na França, em especial a necessidade de encontrar uma solução politique que colocasse em pauta o problema da tolerância. Foi nesse cenário tumultuado que se propagaram as linguagens da razão de Estado, que tinham como núcleo da reflexão a identificação dos meios de promover a conservação do Estado. Dissemos linguagens porque, na prática, o discurso da razão de Estado adquiriu vários matizes, sendo apropriado e adaptado tanto pelos católicos, radicais ou moderados, como também pelos protestantes. Do ponto de vista da Monarquia Hispânica, os discursos dos embaixadores supracitados nos permitem compreender como, no governo da monarquia, foram sendo construídas e pensadas distintas resoluções para o problema da divisão confessional e da obediência política. Foi precisamente a partir dessa práxis, impregnada pela marca maquiaveliana, que ocorreu a delimitação dos vocábulos e emergiu a conceituação da razão de Estado.
Title in English
Reason of State in the Spanish Monarchy: the debates of political agents during the french civil war. (1580-1598)
Keywords in English
Hispanic Monarchy
Political History
Reason of State
Abstract in English
This thesis aims to study the connections between political practice and political thought in the Early Modern period, by foccusing on the analysis of speeches by three ambassadors of the Hispanic Monarchy in France, during the second half of the 16th century. It is based on the assumption that the conflicts between the two kingdoms, which mainly occurred due to differences on the religious matters, highlighted two opposing political models. The Christian Republic ideal, which was led both by the Hispanic Monarchy, in the temporal government, and by the Pope, met with a series of resistances in its projection on the French kingdom. The situation culminated in the Philip II's attempt to crown Infanta Isabel Clara as the queen of France. In this context, our investigation will focus on three diplomats who were appointed to present the Spanish princesss candidacy: Juan Bautista de Tassis (1530-1610), Lorenzo Suárez de Figueroa, II Duke of Feria (1559-1607) and Diego de Ibarra (? - 1626). The trio was entrusted with the task of posing and sustaining the project at the assembly of the General States convened by the Catholic League. Through the analysis of the sources, we intend to investigate those agents' political ideas, emphazising the debate on the languages of the reason of State, in order to understand the bonds between this set of ideas and the political thought in a broader sense. Finally, we will seek to comprehend how theory and practice intertwined in face of the intellectual challenges imposed by the violence of the wars of religion in France, in particular, the search for a political solution that would address the problem of tolerance. It was in this tumultuous scenario that the languages of the reason of State were disseminated. Their core of thinking was the pursuit of means to promote the conservation of the State. We used the term "languages" because, in practice, the discourse of State reason had a variety of shades, being appropriated and adapted both radical or moderate Catholics, as well as by Protestants. From the point of view of the Hispanic Monarchy, the ambassadors' speeches allow us to understand the contruction and deliberation of different resolutions for the problemas of confessional struggle and political obedience. And it was precisely from this praxis, based on the Machiavellian mark, that emerged the delimitation of the words and the conceptualization of the reason of State.
 
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Publishing Date
2020-08-14
 
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