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Doctoral Thesis
DOI
https://doi.org/10.11606/T.8.2020.tde-12012021-182512
Document
Author
Full name
Leonardo Querino Barboza Freire dos Santos
E-mail
Institute/School/College
Knowledge Area
Date of Defense
Published
São Paulo, 2020
Supervisor
Committee
Silva, Márcia Regina Barros da (President)
Júnior, Azemar dos Santos Soares
Martinho, Francisco Carlos Palomanes
Oliveira, Iranilson Buriti de
Title in Portuguese
Admirável corpo novo: discursos médicos sobre as classes trabalhadoras (Paraíba, 1930 1945)
Keywords in Portuguese
História da medicina
História da Paraíba
História do trabalho
Abstract in Portuguese
Nesta tese, analisamos os discursos médicos sobre as classes trabalhadoras que circularam na Paraíba entre 1930 e 1945. Desse modo, buscamos problematizar os desdobramentos da fala autorizada dos doutores paraibanos sobre as representações sociais que foram construídas em torno da imagem do trabalhador. Apesar das leis sociais do período, as classes assalariadas da Paraíba continuavam enfrentando difíceis condições de vida e altos níveis de exploração no trabalho. Além disso, a rede de saúde pública e o sistema de previdência social permaneciam muito aquém das necessidades do proletariado paraibano. Nesse contexto histórico, seja através dos jornais diários que circulavam entre o grande público, seja por meio de sua Sociedade de Medicina, de seus congressos e de suas revistas especializadas, os médicos elaboraram diversos discursos sobre a saúde e as doenças das classes trabalhadoras. Muitas vezes desconsiderando as razões estruturais dos "males" que afligiam estes grupos, os doutores paraibanos os representaram como um "órgão enfermo", que era necessário "curar" para restituir a saúde do "corpo social". Nesse sentido, produziram diagnósticos e propuseram terapêuticas com forte teor disciplinar, buscando (con)formar um "novo trabalhador", que supostamente seria saudável, ordeiro e produtivo. Para discutir estas e outras questões, analisamos principalmente jornais diários que circulavam no estado e revistas de medicina produzidas pelos médicos paraibanos. Além destes documentos, também nos baseamos em leis e decretos sobre saúde pública e relações de trabalho sancionados durante o primeiro governo de Vargas. Na análise desse corpus documental, nos aproximamos dos referenciais teóricos da História Cultural, especialmente no que diz respeito às suas formulações sobre a dimensão histórica e social das "representações". Para problematizar as relações entre o Estado brasileiro e as classes trabalhadoras ao longo do período getulista, dialogamos com as noções de "trabalhismo", desenvolvida por Ângela de Castro Gomes, e "cidadania regulada", elaborada por Wanderley dos Santos. Por fim, com base nos conceitos de "poder disciplinar", "dispositivo discursivo" e "biopolítica", formulados por Michel Foucault, discutimos a participação do saber médico nas políticas de controle social que buscaram (mas nem sempre conseguiram) "governar" os trabalhadores paraibanos entre as décadas de 1930 e 40.
Title in English
Admirable new body: medical discourses about the working classes (Paraíba, 1930-1945)
Keywords in English
History of medicine
History of Paraíba
History of work
Abstract in English
In this thesis, we analyse the medical discourses about working classes which circulated in Paraíba between 1930 and 1945. Thus, we seek to problematize the unfolding of the doctor's authorized speech about the social representations which were built around the worker's image. Despite the social laws in period, the salaried classes in Paraíba went on facing difficult living conditions and high levels of work exploitation. Besides, the public health network and the social security system remained far too distant from Paraiba's proletariat needs. Within this historical context, whether through the newspapers which circulated among the great public, or through their Medical Society, their conferences and their specialized journals, the doctors elaborated several discourses about the working classes' health and diseases. Many times overlooking the structural reasons for the "maladies" which afflicted these groups, doctor's from Paraíba represented them as a "sick organ", which needed to be "healed" to restore health to the "social body". In this sense, they produced diagnostics and proposed therapeutics with strong disciplinary content, searching to (con) form a "new worker", who would supposedly be healthy, orderly and productive. In order to discuss these issues, we analysed mainly the daily newspapers which circulated through the state and medical journals produced by doctors from Paraíba. In addition to these documents, we have also based our work on laws and decrees about public health and sanctioned work relationships during Vargas' first government. In the analysis of this documental corpus, we approach the theoretical references of Cultural History, especially as it refers to their formulations about the historical and social dimension of the "representations". In order to problematize the relationships between the Brazilian State and the working classes during the getulian period, we dialogued with the notions of labour developed by Ângela de Castro Gomes, and "regulated citizenship" elaborated by Wanderley dos Santos. At last, based on the concepts of "disciplinary power", "discursive device" and "biopolitics", formulated by Michel Foucault, we discuss the participation of the medical knowledge in the social control politics which sought (yet not always achieved) to "govern" workers from Paraíba in the decades of 1930 and 40.
 
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Publishing Date
2021-01-12
 
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