• JoomlaWorks Simple Image Rotator
  • JoomlaWorks Simple Image Rotator
  • JoomlaWorks Simple Image Rotator
  • JoomlaWorks Simple Image Rotator
  • JoomlaWorks Simple Image Rotator
  • JoomlaWorks Simple Image Rotator
  • JoomlaWorks Simple Image Rotator
  • JoomlaWorks Simple Image Rotator
  • JoomlaWorks Simple Image Rotator
  • JoomlaWorks Simple Image Rotator
 
  Bookmark and Share
 
 
Doctoral Thesis
DOI
https://doi.org/10.11606/T.8.2022.tde-07022023-192944
Document
Author
Full name
Lenon Campos Maschette
E-mail
Institute/School/College
Knowledge Area
Date of Defense
Published
São Paulo, 2022
Supervisor
Committee
Martinho, Francisco Carlos Palomanes (President)
Balbachevsky, Elizabeth
Martins Filho, João Roberto
Silva, Francisco Carlos Teixeira da
Title in Portuguese
Conservadores e cidadania: a história de um conceito nos governos Thatcher (1979-1990), Major (1990-1997) e Cameron (2010-2016)
Keywords in Portuguese
Cidadania
Conservadorismo
David Cameron
John Major
Margaret Thatcher
Neoliberalismo
Nova Direita
Partido Conservador Britânico
Abstract in Portuguese
Desde o final dos anos 1980, o tema cidadania vem gozando de crescente interesse e renovado prestígio. Com as inúmeras mudanças sociais, culturais, políticas e econômicas do final do século XX, o conceito tornou-se elemento central em debates tanto no meio acadêmico quanto na arena política. Não só intelectuais repensam o tema, mas políticos ressignificam o conceito, tanto em termos ideacionais quanto práticos. Tendo a nova direita papel importante nesse processo e sendo o Partido Conservador britânico peça essencial para a implementação e proliferação de tais ideias, a presente pesquisa visa a compreender como o partido, por meio de seus líderes, tentou ressignificar o conceito e estabelecer novas configurações à ideia. Por meio de análise qualitativa de discursos, entrevistas, artigos, memórias e documentos, tanto oficiais quanto não oficiais, o estudo analisa três administrações conservadoras e suas respectivas ideias e/ou programas relacionados ao tema. Inicialmente, o estudo se debruça sobre a ideia de "active citizenship"1, lançada no final do governo Margaret Thatcher (1979-1990), e tenta mostrar como uma parte considerável dos elementos dessa ideia, diferentemente do que muitos analistas afirmaram, esteve presente no pensamento Thatcherite desde muito antes do final da década de 1980. Com a resignação de Thatcher e após a vitória nas eleições internas do partido, seu sucessor John Major (1990-1997) assumiria o poder e continuaria a reformular o conceito de cidadania, dessa vez por intermédio de um grande programa governamental chamado The Citizen's Charter. Tendo como foco a melhora dos serviços públicos mediante a implementação de mecanismos de mercado e privatizações, o programa transformava o conceito de cidadania ao aproximar cidadão a consumidor e priorizar mecanismos de reparação, em vez de participação. Se, por um lado, o programa pareceu dar continuidade às ideias Thatcherites de redução de gastos públicos e privatização do setor público, por outro, a própria questão da preocupação com esses serviços parece distanciar Major de Thatcher. Por último, analisamos a concepção de Big Society, do governo David Cameron (2110-2016). Após sucessivas derrotas para o New Labour2, o partido, então repaginado por Cameron, volta ao poder em 2010, com uma mensagem mais moderna e social liberal, tentando distanciar-se dos governos Thatcher, mas sem abandonar completamente seus princípios. Focalizando a comunidade e a inserção do indivíduo nela, a "grande ideia" de Cameron visava a transformar a relação entre os indivíduos e a comunidade ao seu redor. A pesquisa sugere que a grande ideia de Cameron não rompesse com a visão de Thatcher; mas apresenta métodos e estratégias bem diferentes para se alcançar tal objetivo.
Title in English
Conservatives and citizenship: the history of a concept in Thather (1979-1990), Major (1990-1997) and Cameron (2010-2016) governments
Keywords in English
British Conservative Party
Citizenship
Conservatism
David Cameron
John Major
Margaret Thatcher
Neoliberalism
New Right
Abstract in English
Since the late 1980s, the topic of citizenship has enjoyed growing interest and renewed prestige. With the numerous social, cultural, political and economic changes at the end of the 20th century, the concept has become a central element in academic and political debates. Not only have intellectuals rethought the topic, but politicians have also reframed the concept in both ideational and practical terms. With the new right playing an essential role in this process and the British Conservative Party being an essential part of the implementation and proliferation of such ideas, this research aims to understand how the party, through its leaders, tried to re-signify the concept and establish new configurations for the idea. Through qualitative analysis of speeches, interviews, articles, memories and documents, both official and unofficial, the study analyzes three conservative administrations and their respective ideas and/or programs related to the theme. Firstly, the study focuses on the idea of "active citizenship" launched at the end of the Margaret Thatcher government (1979-1990) and tries to demonstrate how a considerable part of the elements of this idea, unlike claimed by many analysts, was present in Thatcherite thought. Since long before the end of the 1980s. With Thatcher's resignation and after the victory in the party's internal elections, her successor John Major (1990-1997), would assume power and continue to reformulate the concept of citizenship through an extensive government program called The Citizen's Charter. Focusing on improving public services through implementing market mechanisms and privatization, the program transformed the concept of citizenship by bringing citizens closer to consumers and prioritizing mechanisms of reparation rather than participation. If, on the one hand, the program seems to continue the Thatcherite ideas of reducing public spending and privatizing the public sector, on the other hand, the very issue of concern for these services seems to distance Major from Thatcher. Finally, we will analyze the concept of the Big Society of the David Cameron government (2110-2016). After successive defeats to New Labour, the party, then revamped by Cameron, returns to power in 2010, with a more modern and social liberal message, trying to distance itself from its Thatcherite heritage without completely abandoning its principles. Focusing on the community and the insertion of the individual in it, Cameron's Big Idea aimed to transform the relationship between individuals and the community around them. Research suggests, however, that perhaps Cameron's big idea did not break with Thatcher's vision but had many more similarities than differences.
 
WARNING - Viewing this document is conditioned on your acceptance of the following terms of use:
This document is only for private use for research and teaching activities. Reproduction for commercial use is forbidden. This rights cover the whole data about this document as well as its contents. Any uses or copies of this document in whole or in part must include the author's name.
Publishing Date
2023-02-07
 
WARNING: Learn what derived works are clicking here.
All rights of the thesis/dissertation are from the authors
CeTI-SC/STI
Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations of USP. Copyright © 2001-2024. All rights reserved.