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Doctoral Thesis
DOI
https://doi.org/10.11606/T.8.2021.tde-07022022-201347
Document
Author
Full name
André Gustavo Barbosa da Paz Mendes
E-mail
Institute/School/College
Knowledge Area
Date of Defense
Published
São Paulo, 2022
Supervisor
Committee
Fernandes, Antonia Terra de Calazans (President)
Amorim, Mario Lopes
Rocha, Raimundo Nonato Araújo da
Sousa, Francisco Carlos Oliveira de
Title in Portuguese
O Ensino de História nas Escolas Técnicas Federais: história e cultura escolar (1959-1974)
Keywords in Portuguese
Cultura Escolar
Ensino de História
Ensino Técnico Profissional
História das disciplinas escolares
Abstract in Portuguese
Este trabalho tem por objetivo analisar o ensino de História nas escolas técnicas federais brasileiras a partir da cultura escolar de três unidades da rede federal de ensino profissional, historicamente percebidas como referências em nível nacional. Situadas no Rio de Janeiro, em Curitiba e Belo Horizonte, as escolas passaram por transformações institucionais que foram das Escolas de Aprendizes e Artífices (1909) e da Escola Normal de Artes e Ofícios (1917) - caso específico da instituição carioca - até às Escolas Técnicas Federais na década de 1960. A partir dos pressupostos teórico-metodológicos da História das disciplinas escolares delineada por Chervel (1990), vinculada a dada cultura escolar geral e particular conforme analisam Forquin (1993) e Julia (2001), buscamos identificar as finalidades e a constituição da disciplina História nas práticas de ensino das Escolas Técnicas Federais, considerando o âmbito interno institucional e as suas relações com as realidades conjunturais externas. O recorte temporal da pesquisa se baliza em dois marcos institucionais na história das Escolas Técnicas Federais: 1959 e 1974. Em 1959 houve a autorização oficial para criação de cursos técnicos de nível médio no país através do Decreto nº 47.038, que estabeleceu o Regulamento do Ensino Industrial e garantiu a autonomia didática, administrativa técnica e financeira das escolas. No ano de 1974 ocorreu a implementação da Nova Organização das Escolas Técnicas Federais, firmada pelo Decreto nº 75.079, que reordenou o organograma funcional e extinguiu o Conselho de Representantes e de Professores. Tratou-se de um ciclo de experiência da dicotomia autonomia/regulação, legalmente oficializada, das escolas e de seus sujeitos históricos. Defende-se nesta tese que o Ensino de História existente nesse momento de autonomia/regulação, apesar de ter havido relativa liberdade para planejar e ensinar de acordo com as escolhas dos agentes históricos das instituições (professores e gestores), manteve suas características estruturais e tradicionais em relação as práticas de ensino, aos métodos avaliativos, currículos e programas de História, ao mesmo tempo que foi paulatinamente se adequando à tendência pedagógica tecnicista das décadas de 1960 e 1970. Assim, o Ensino de História mais uma vez rumou à articulação com a função e finalidade do ensino técnico profissional de dado contexto histórico.
Title in English
The Teaching of History in Federal Technical Schools: history and school culture (1959-1974)
Keywords in English
History of school subjects
History Teaching
Professional Technical Education
School Culture
Abstract in English
This paper aims to analyze the teaching of History in Brazilian federal technical schools based on the school culture of three units from the federal professional education system, historically perceived as references on a national level. Located in Rio de Janeiro, Curitiba and Belo Horizonte, the schools underwent institutional transformations ranging from the Schools of Apprentices and Craftsmen (1909) and the Teachers College of Arts and Crafts (1917) - a specific case of the Rio de Janeiro institution - to Federal Technical Schools in the 1960s. Based on the theoretical-methodological assumptions of the History of school subjects outlined by Chervel (1990), linked to a given general and particular school culture as analyzed by Forquin (1993) and Julia (2001), we seek to identify the purposes and constitution of the History subject in teaching practices of Federal Technical Schools, considering the institutional internal scope and its relations with external conjunctural realities. The time frame of this research is based on two institutional milestones in the history of Federal Technical Schools: 1959 and 1974. In 1959, the creation of high school technical courses were officially authorized in the country through the Decree nº 47038, which established the Industrial Education Regulation and guaranteed the teaching, technical and financial autonomy of schools. In 1974, the New Organization of Federal Technical Schools was implemented, established by the Decree nº 75079, which reorganized the functional organization chart and extinguished the Council of Representatives and Teachers. It was a cycle of experience of the autonomy/regulation dichotomy, legally made official, of schools and their historical subjects. This thesis defends that the existing History Teaching in such period of autonomy/regulation, despite having been relatively free to plan and teach according to the choices of the institutions' historical agents (teachers and managers), maintained its structural and traditional characteristics regarding teaching practices, evaluation methods, curricula and History programs, while gradually adapting to the technicist pedagogical trend of the 1960s and 1970s. Thus, the Teaching of History once again moved towards articulation with the function and purpose of professional technical education in a given historical context.
 
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Publishing Date
2022-02-07
 
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