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Doctoral Thesis
DOI
https://doi.org/10.11606/T.8.2022.tde-04102022-153000
Document
Author
Full name
Edivania Granja da Silva Oliveira
Institute/School/College
Knowledge Area
Date of Defense
Published
São Paulo, 2022
Supervisor
Committee
Dantes, Maria Amelia Mascarenhas (President)
Mendonça, Caroline Farias Leal
Silva, Edson Hely
Silva, Marcos Antonio da
Title in Portuguese
Os indígenas Pankará, o rio São Francisco e a barragem de Itaparica (Luiz Gonzaga): movimentos identitários e relações socioambientais no Semiárido pernambucano (1940-2010)
Keywords in Portuguese
Indígenas Pankará
Mobilizações étnicas
Relações socioambientais e interculturais
Rio São Francisco
Abstract in Portuguese
Esta Tese abordou a presença indígena Pankará nas Serras do Arapuá e Cacaria (Carnaubeira da Penha, PE), no Serrote dos Campos (Nova Itacuruba, PE), as relações com os ambientes habitados relacionados com o rio São Francisco e os fluxos de trocas socioculturais entre diversos grupos étnicos na região, localizada no Semiárido, no chamado sertão de Itaparica, Submédio São Francisco, na fronteira entre Pernambuco e Bahia. Os Pankará habitantes na Serra do Arapuá deflagraram o processo de afirmação indígena em 2003, mobilizados pela garantia de direitos territoriais, a educação e saúde específicas. Os parentes habitantes na área urbana da Nova Itacuruba se mobilizaram em 2007 pelo reconhecimento étnico ocupando uma área na zona rural, no Serrote dos Campos, antigo local de ritual e percurso dos Pankará quando desciam a Serra do Arapuá para as margens e ilhas do rio São Francisco, indo realizar plantios agrícolas ou trabalhar em fazendas, atividades de sobrevivência em períodos de estiagem. Também faziam a travessia do rio São Francisco durante várias épocas do ano, para participação em rituais com o povo indígena Tuxá, habitantes na Velha Rodelas. Buscou-se compreender as mobilizações dos Pankará e de outros grupos étnicos em busca de reconhecimento pelo SPI entre as décadas de 1940 e 1960. Com a construção da barragem de Itaparica (atual Lago Luiz Gonzaga) entre as décadas de 1970 e 1980, além dos impactos socioambientais, houve o rompimento dos fluxos de migrações sazonais, práticas agrícolas, de trabalhos e ritualísticas nas margens e ilhas no rio São Francisco e novos processos de emergências étnicas de indígenas e quilombolas, reassentados na Nova Itacuruba, PE, e no Perímetro de Irrigação Brígida (Orocó, PE). Por meio da pesquisa em fontes documentais variadas como relatórios da Chesf e o acervo do SPI, além das memórias orais dos indígenas, procurou-se discutir sobre as relações e afirmações identitárias indígenas, interétnicas e ambientais, diante dos empreendimentos governamentais para o suposto progresso e os impactos socioambientais na região, especificamente para os indígenas Pankará
Title in English
The Pankará indigenous people, the São Francisco river and the Itaparica dam (Luiz Gonzaga): identity movements and socio-environmental relations in the semi-arid region of Pernambuco (1940-2010)
Keywords in English
Ethnic mobilizations
Pankará indigenous people
São Francisco river
Socio-environmental and intercultural relations
Abstract in English
This Thesis addressed the Pankará indigenous presence in the Arapuá and Cacaria Mountains (Carnaubeira da Penha, PE), in Serrote dos Campos (Nova Itacuruba, PE), the relationships with the inhabited environments related to the São Francisco river and the flows of sociocultural exchanges between diverse ethnic groups in the region, located in the Semiarid region, in the so-called hinterland of Itaparica, in the Submédio São Francisco, on the border between Pernambuco and Bahia. The Pankará inhabitants of Serra do Arapuá started the process of indigenous affirmation in 2003, mobilized by the guarantee of territorial rights, education and specific health. The relative inhabitants of the urban area of Nova Itacuruba mobilized in 2007 for ethnic recognition, occupying an area in the rural region, in Serrote dos Campos, ancient place of ritual and route of the Pankará when they descended the Serra do Arapuá to the banks and islands of the São Francisco river going to carry out agricultural plantations or work on farms, survival activities in periods of drought. They also crossed the São Francisco river at various times of the year to participate in rituals with the Tuxá indigenous people, inhabitants of Velha Rodelas. We seek to understand the mobilizations of the Pankará and other ethnic groups in search of recognition by the SPI, between the 1940s and 1960s. With the construction of the Itaparica Dam (currently Luiz Gonzaga lake) between the 1970s and 1980s, in addition to the socio-environmental impacts, there was a disruption in seasonal migration flows, agricultural practices, labor and rituals on the banks and islands of the São Francisco River and new processes of ethnic emergencies of indigenous and quilombolas, resettled in Nova Itacuruba, PE, and in the Brígida Irrigation Perimeter (Orocó, PE). Based on research in various documentary sources such as Chesf reports and the SPI collection, in addition to the oral memories of the indigenous people, we sought to discuss the indigenous, interethnic and environmental relations and identity assertions, in view of government undertakings for the supposed progress and impacts environmental issues in the region, specifically for the Pankará indigenous people
 
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Publishing Date
2022-10-04
 
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