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Master's Dissertation
DOI
https://doi.org/10.11606/D.8.2007.tde-02012008-102727
Document
Author
Full name
Eduardo Goes de Castro
Institute/School/College
Knowledge Area
Date of Defense
Published
São Paulo, 2007
Supervisor
Committee
Carneiro, Maria Luiza Tucci (President)
Cancelli, Elizabeth
Monteiro, Yara Nogueira
Title in Portuguese
A torre sob vigia: as Testemunhas de Jeová em São Paulo (1930-1954)
Keywords in Portuguese
História
São Paulo
Testemunhas de Jeová
Abstract in Portuguese
Esse trabalho tem como objetivo analisar a ação das Testemunhas de Jeová, seita religiosa milenarista norte-americana, em São Paulo, entre os anos de 1930 e 1954. Em meio aos governos de Vargas e Dutra, à Segunda Guerra Mundial e ao início da Guerra Fria, a "Sociedade Torre de Vigia de Bíblias e Tratados" - nome jurídico adotado pelas Testemunhas de Jeová no Brasil - teve suas publicações confiscadas, membros presos e seu registro de atividades proscrito no país entre 1940 e 1947. Sob alegações diversas e contraditórias, as Testemunhas de Jeová foram acusadas de propagandear o nazismo, o fascismo, o anarquismo e o comunismo, em vista de proclames como a não prestação de serviço militar obrigatório, não saudação de símbolos nacionais, não transfusão de sangue e de seu proselitismo anticlerical, feito de porta em porta pelas ruas da cidade. Acreditando-se "missionários pioneiros" em meio a uma realidade supersticiosa católica, as Testemunhas de Jeová reeditaram no Brasil, a partir da década de 20, o mesmo discurso utilizado pelos puritanos ingleses que colonizaram a América no século XVII: tratavam-se do "povo eleito" de Deus na Terra que se dizia em combate com organizações "satânicas" e "obscurantistas", como a Igreja Católica. A despeito do estreitamento das relações entre Brasil e Estados Unidos no final dos anos 30, de nossa definitiva entrada na Segunda Guerra Mundial ao lado dos Aliados, e da cooperação verificada entre os dois países no período pós-guerra na luta contra o comunismo, as Testemunhas de Jeová, uma organização religiosa norteamericana, foram perseguidas no país, talvez por também reeditarem no Brasil a retórica mítica de construção dos Estados Unidos, de sua defesa de liberdade de culto e do sistema democrático de governo - em oposição ao Catolicismo e ao subdesenvolvimento brasileiros. Neste sentido, buscamos perceber até que ponto a perseguição policial e judicial empreendida contra essa organização religiosa, que contava com menos de 1000 adeptos até 1947, encontrava eco no estreitamento de interesses entre a Igreja Católica e o Estado brasileiros.
Title in English
The tower under guard: Jehovah's Witnesses in São Paulo (1930-1954)
Keywords in English
History
Jehovah's Witnesses
São Paulo
Abstract in English
This study focuses on the action of the Jehovah's Witnesses, a North American millenary religious sect, in São Paulo, between 1930 and 1954. During Vargas and Dutra's governments, the Second World War and the beginning of the Cold War, the Watchtower Society ("Sociedade Torre de Vigia de Bíblias e Tratados") - juridical name adopted in Brazil by the Jehovah's Witnesses - publications had been confiscated, its members had been arrested and the registry of activities had been exiled from the country between 1940 and 1947. Under various and contradictory claims, the Jehovah's Witnesses had been charged with advertising the nazism, fascism, anarchism and communism, based on the lack of rendering obligatory military service, lack of salutation of the national symbols, lack of blood transfusion and anticlergy proselytism, made everywhere in the city. Believing that they were the "first missionaries" on a superstitious Catholic reality, the Jehovah's Witnesses reissued in Brazil, from the twenties on, the same speech that was used by the English Puritan who settled America on the 17th century: they were the "elected people" by God on Earth and told they were here to struggle with the "devilish" and "obscurantist" organizations, such as the Catholic Church. Despite the narrowing between Brazilian and American relationship at the end of the thirties, our real entrance at the Second World War with the Allied and the checked help between both countries at the post-war period against the Communism, the Jehovah's Witnesses, a North American organization, had been chased in the country, maybe because they also reissued in Brazil the mythical rhetorical of the USA construction, in the defense of cult freedom and democratic system - different from the Brazilian Catholicism and undergrown. Based on these, we intend to see at which extent the judicial and political chasing against this religious organization, which had less than followers until 1947, found the echo on the benefits narrowing between the Catholic Church and the Brazilian states.
 
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Publishing Date
2008-01-16
 
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