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Doctoral Thesis
DOI
https://doi.org/10.11606/T.8.2007.tde-10102007-145640
Document
Author
Full name
Christiane Sporl
Institute/School/College
Knowledge Area
Date of Defense
Published
São Paulo, 2007
Supervisor
Committee
Luchiari, Ailton (President)
Ferreira, Marcos César
Galvani, Emerson
Perez Filho, Archimedes
Ross, Jurandyr Luciano Sanches
Title in Portuguese
Metodologia para elaboração de modelos de fragilidade ambiental utilizando redes neurais
Keywords in Portuguese
Fragilidade ambiental
Modelos e redes neurais artificiais
Abstract in Portuguese
Este trabalho aborda o desafio da modelagem da fragilidade ambiental, que implica em, além de compreender a intrínseca e dinâmica relação existente entre as componentes físicas, bióticas e sócio-econômicas dos sistemas ambientais, em traduzir esse conhecimento num modelo matemático. Para elucidar essa dificuldade foram apresentados e comparados os resultados gerados por dois modelos empíricos de fragilidade ambiental amplamente utilizados no planejamento físico-territorial brasileiro (CREPANI et al. 2001 e ROSS, 1994). Estes dois modelos foram aplicados em duas áreasteste, com resultados bastante divergentes. Neste contexto de incertezas, este trabalho testou a viabilidade e a confiabilidade de uma nova ferramenta a ser aplicada na elaboração de modelos de fragilidade ambiental, as redes neurais artificiais (RNAs). Empregando os conhecimentos e experiências de especialistas na área em questão, extraídos das respostas dadas por estes durante a comparação de variáveis e cenários aplicados através dos programas adaptados para esta finalidade: Pesquisa de Calibração, Pesquisa de Escalonamento de Variáveis e Pesquisa de Avaliação de Cenários. Estes programas geraram uma base de dados referente ao modo de avaliação de cada especialista quanto à fragilidade ambiental, sendo aplicada no treinamento das RNAs, para que a rede assimilasse o padrão de avaliação deste especialista. Os resultados comprovam de que é possível emular, com razoável confiabilidade, o padrão de avaliação de especialistas na definição da fragilidade dos sistemas ambientais, eliminando assim, a arbitrariedade e a subjetividade do processo de elaboração de modelos de fragilidade ambiental. Este trabalho não propõe um novo modelo, mas uma metodologia para a construção de modelos, utilizando redes neurais artificiais, dando um primeiro passo em busca de novas técnicas, temidas pelos geógrafos, mas necessárias para a evolução da ciência geográfica.
Title in English
Methodology for the elaboration of environmental fragility models using artificial neural networks
Keywords in English
Environmental fragility
Models and artificial neural networks
Abstract in English
This paper deals with the challenge in modeling environmental fragility, which implies not only the understanding of the intrinsic and dynamic relationship that exists between the physical, biotic and socio-economic components of environmental systems, but also in translating this knowledge in a mathematical model. In order to shed light on this difficulty, the results generated by two empirical models of environmental fragility were presented and compared, models that are widely used in Brazilian physical-territorial planning. (CREPANI et al. 2001 and ROSS, 1994). These two models were applied in two thesis-areas with very diverging results. Within this context of uncertainties, this paper tested the feasibility and reliability of a new tool to be applied in the elaboration of environmental fragility models, the artificial neural networks (ANN). Tapping on the knowledge and experience of specialists in this area, extracted from the answers given by them during the comparison of variables and scenarios applied in programs adapted for this objective: Gauging Research, Scheduling of Variables Research and Scenario Evaluation Research. These programs generated a databank related to the evaluation format of each specialist regarding environmental fragility applied in the training of ANNs, so that the network would assimilate the evaluation standard of that specialist. The results proved that it is possible to emulate, with reasonable reliability, the evaluation standard of specialists in the definition of environmental systems fragility, eliminating in this way, arbitrariness and subjectivity in the elaboration process of environmental fragility models. This work does not presuppose a new model, rather a methodology for the construction of models, using artificial neural networks, taking the first step in the search of new techniques, albeit feared by the geographers, however, necessary for the evolution of geographic science.
 
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Publishing Date
2007-10-10
 
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